信用卡恶意透支案件之性质归属与司法应对

《关于妨害信用卡管理刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第六条虽然明确了恶意透支信用卡犯罪行为的成立要件,但作为一种游离于民刑之间的违法行为,司法机关在适用司法解释过程中应合理定位刑法介入的边界,以确定犯罪的范畴。严格把握＂恶意＂、＂非法占有目的＂等犯罪成立条件,坚持严谨的构成要件思路,才能真正将恶意透支行为与侵占行为加以区别。     

Internal validation of reduced PCR reaction volume of the Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS Kit from blood samples on FTA cards

The onus of proof in criminal cases is beyond any reasonable doubt, and the issue on the lack of complete internal validation data can be manipulated when it comes to justifying the validity and reliability of the X-chromosomal short tandem repeats analysis for court representation. Therefore, this research evaluated the efficiency of the optimized 60% reduced volumes for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS Kit, as well as the capillary electrophoresis (CE) sample preparation for blood samples on Flinder's Technology Associates (FTA) cards. Good-quality DNA profile (3000–12,000 RFU) from the purified blood sample on FTA card (1.2 mm) were obtained using the optimized PCR (10.0 μL of PCR reaction volume and 21 cycles) and CE (9.0 μL Hi-Di™ Formamide and 0.3 μL DNA Size Standard 550 [BTO] and 27 s injection time) conditions. The analytical and stochastic thresholds were 100 and 200 RFU, respectively. Hence, the internal validation data supported the use of the optimized 60% reduced PCR amplification reaction volume of the Qiagen Investigator® Argus X-12 QS Kit as well as the CE sample preparation for producing reliable DNA profiles that comply with the quality assurance standards for forensic DNA testing laboratories, while optimizing the analytical cost.     

构建中国—东盟关税同盟:可能与设想

随着WTO多哈回合谈判的僵持和全球金融危机的影响,全球化的进程受阻,贸易保护主义有所抬头,许多国家转而选择更为现实的区域贸易组织来缓解对全球贸易的依赖,为防止在此背景下出现针对我国的"转移效应",我国极有必要建立区域机制以缓解可能的冲击,从现实来看,对现有中国—东盟自由贸易区进行深化发展,形成关税同盟,具有经济和地缘等优势,应当对中国—东盟关税同盟的建构进行可行性分析,并提出相应的指导原则和对内与对外的制度安排。     

蚂蚁花呗套现行为之刑法评价 ——以解构冒用他人账号进行套现为切入

随着互联网金融的发展,花呗等类似信用卡的透支工具出现在人们的消费方式中,以花呗套现为代表的新型套现方式也成为问题。司法实践中,围绕冒用他人支付宝账户进行花呗套现行为应如何认定的问题争论不休,有观点主张按传统信用卡诈骗罪处理,亦有观点则认为不应将花呗产品认定为信用卡,其更符合盗窃、诈骗罪的犯罪构成,还有观点认为可将花呗套现行为解释为非法经营罪进行规制。逐一分析上述观点,结合花呗套现自身特点,在恪守罪刑法定原则的前提下,可以找到对于该种行为的合理规制。     

韩国已签署FTA中的农产品贸易规则分析

韩国推进FTA,无法避开农业开放问题。对韩国已签署FTA的研究结果表明,韩国的FTA农产品贸易规则具有如下三大特征:一是农产品总体开放程度根据对象国的经济发展水平不同而相异;二是农产品与工业产品的开放程度极不对称;三是各类农产品的减让模式和救济措施根据每类农产品对韩国的重要性和对象国的出口供给能力的不同而相异。据此,可以预测韩国将在中韩FTA农产品谈判中提出较保守的方案,中国有必要全面权衡各产业的利益效果后做出适当的决策。     

Field testing of collection cards for Cannabis sativa samples with a single hexanucleotide DNA marker

The validity and feasibility of using DNA collection cards in the field for preservation and analysis of Cannabis sativa genotypes were investigated using a highly specific hexanucleotide marker. Collection cards were submitted to the National Marijuana Initiative, which selectively trained and managed the collection of specific types of samples from a variety of participating agencies. Samples collected at seizure sites included fresh marijuana leaf samples, dried "dispensary" samples, U.S. border seizures, and hashish. Using a standardized PCR kit with custom-labeled oligonucleotide primers specific to marijuana, collection cards produced eight genotypes and 13 different alleles, extremely low baselines, and no cross-reactivity with control plant species. Results were produced from all sample types with the exception of hashish. Plant DNA collection cards represent an easily implementable method for the genetic identification and relatedness of C. sativa street and grow site-seized samples with applications for databasing and market disruption.     

Legal and ethical considerations of biometric identity card: Case for Mauritius

The highly connected nature of the current era has raised the need for more secure systems, and hence the demand for biometric-based authentication methods. In 2013, the Mauritian Government invested massively in the collection of data, and implementation of the national biometric identity card scheme. The latter has suffered a number of contestations among the population, and several cases were consequently filed at the Supreme Court of Mauritius to oppose the use of this biometric card. The main concern was the collection of biometric data which posed threats to the privacy of individuals. Additionally, the collection and retention of biometric data lead to security issues. In this paper, the challenges with respect to the usage of the biometric card are analysed. The laws governing data protection are discussed, together with the legal framework used for data collection and retention. Following the court decisions, several amendments have been made to the existing laws in order to cater for the usage of biometric data for the public interest. Finally, recommendations are made with regards to a legal framework which will enhance the security of biometric data, and eventually encouraging public acceptance of this biometric identification system.     

手机物证检验及其在刑事侦查中的应用

随着移动通信技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,手机内部包含的信息已经成为犯罪侦查重要的线索和证据来源。采用专门的符合物证鉴定原理要求的技术方法检验手机的SIM卡存储器、主板存储器和闪存卡,可以获得大量的手机使用者个人信息、通信内容信息、通信发生信息、使用者写入存储信息和手机设置信息等大量信息资料。手机检验结果给出的这些信息具有非常高的侦查和证据价值的,手机也因此成为物证鉴定领域内一个新的检验对象。     

中国-东盟自由贸易区商贸争端仲裁解决机制若干问题研究

中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立对于其缔约国的经济发展,对世界区域经济一体化具有重要的作用。但是,伴随其经济发展、贸易交往的频繁,其商贸争端也增多。仲裁作为一种解决商贸纠纷的手段,对区域内经济和谐稳定增长、商贸关系发展良好有着不可替代的作用。本文旨在分析商贸争端的仲裁解决机制。