实验室毒性物质管理

毒性化学物质是指人为制造或在产品制造过程中衍生的化学有毒物质。学术机构的实验室对化学药品的使用具有少量多样的特点,由于实验的需要常会与这类物质接触,虽然接触的频率不及工业界高,但仍有相当高的危险性,因而应对实验室毒性物质严加管理,防止危害发生。     

In Vitro Effects of Household Products on Calliphoridae Larvae Development: Implication for Forensic Entomology

Several parameters can delay the first arrival of flies on a corpse and the subsequent development of the larvae. This study focuses on the development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Meigen, 1826) on household chemical‐contaminated substrates. bleach, perfume, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, insecticide, mosquito repellent, and gasoline in quantities consistent with an amount that could possibly be spilled on a corpse were mixed with beef liver to simulate contaminated fleshes. Larvae were bred at 25°C on these media until emergence. Four developmental parameters were followed: survival rates, development times, sex ratios, and adult sizes. Hydrochloric acid, insecticide, and gasoline killed all larvae. In low quantities, caustic soda and mosquito repellent increased the development time and decreased the adult size. However, high quantities of these chemicals killed all larvae. Lastly, bleach and perfume did not affect the survival rate and barely impacted the development time or adult size. These results demonstrate common household products spilled on a corpse can strongly affect the development of Calliphoridae larvae. The effects of such products should be considered in forensic entomology cases.     

The Variability of Ecstasy Tablets Composition in Brazil

The content of ecstasy tablets has been changing over the years, and nowadays 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is not always present in the tablets. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition in the seized tablets labeled as ecstasy. We analyzed samples from 150 different seizures made by Sao Paulo's State Police by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. MDMA was present in 44.7% of the analyzed samples, and another twenty different active substances were identified in these tablets, such as caffeine, 2C‐B, piperazines, amphetamines, phencyclidine, and others. Methamphetamine was present in 22% of these samples. The results demonstrate a huge shift in the pattern of trafficking of synthetic drugs, where MDMA has been replaced in tablets mostly by illicit psychoactive substances, in a clear attempt to bypass the law. The great variability in the tablets composition may lead to an increased risk of drug poisoning.     

监狱人民警察能力提升微探

随着能力提升实践活动的开展,我国监狱人民警察在执行力、依法管理罪犯的能力、应急处突的能力等方面有了一定的提高,但是受诸多因素的影响,能力提升活动实践与监管工作需要之间还有很大差距。其主要原因是监狱人民警察能力提升的内动力不足,缺少制度保障和相应的评价标准,方法单一等问题。因此,加强监狱人民警察思想教育,建立激励机制和能力提升制度,显得十分必要。     

The technology study of drinking water safeguard replies to the pollution of radioactive, biological and chemical substances

Facing the rigorous safe situation of radioactive, biological and chemical weapon day by day, the safeguard of drinking water, which is the important resource that the survival and development of mankind depend on, will not only face the pollution of traditional pollutant, but also probably suffer the arriving pollution of the non-traditional pollutant in the future. Therefore, in order to improve the ability of drinking water safeguard to reply to the risk of arriving non-traditional pollution caused by suffering the terror or war, it is necessary to develop the removal technique of radioactive substances, biological and chemistry war agent. The category and harm of radioactive, biological and chemical substances which the drinking water may suffer are introduced firstly in the paper. Then the removal techniques of radioactive substances, biological and chemistry war agent are brought. On the basis of analyzing the removal techniques, the combination drinking water decontamination craft of pretreatment--membrane separate--handle behind is designed. Following the craft, the experiment of purging the radioactive substances simulation, biological and chemistry war agent is done. The experiment shows that the removal rates of ten kinds of radioactive nuclide can reach 99.9% and of biological war agent approach 100%. The quality of water which is polluted by chemistry war agent can reach some standard＇s require. Therefore, the fruit of research can provide the practical technique for drinking water safeguard in the future.     

The Effectiveness of the EU's Ozone Policy

Has the EU's ozone policy been effective? In other words: What caused the 90 per cent phase-out of ozone depleting substances (ODS) within the EU? Was it due to an EU-wide regulatory approach, to national circumstances, or to the Montreal Protocol? As EU's environmental policy has not been overly successful so far, it would interesting to know why ozone policy is an area where the EU and its Member States have reached targets effectively over a relatively short time. We suggest that the effectiveness of EU's ozone policy is due to two factors that together secured this rapid phase-out. First, the ozone policy was enacted by means of an EU regulation – rather than by directives – which required all Member States and all larger ODS-generating corporations to implement a ban simultaneously. Second, with the US administration making a u-turn and the increased availability of ODS-substitute chemicals, Europe saw a political opportunity to speed up the phase-out process. A limited study of the phase-out of ODS in Spain supports this argument. While the EU's ozone policy has been effective, its success owes much to particular economic and political circumstances associated with the issue of ozone depletion.     

城市化进程中同步加强城乡基层党建工作的调查与思考

在城市化进程中同步加强城乡基层党建工作是实现城乡一体化发展的客观需要,是进一步加强和改进城乡基层党的建设的迫切要求,也是做好新形势下群众工作的重要保证。近年来,各地立足实际,大胆创新,在实践中积累了同步加强城乡基层党建工作的许多宝贵经验。进一步在城市化进程中同步加强城乡基层党建工作,必须强化共识以提供思想动力,改革城乡二元结构以创造良好的体制基础,完善以城带乡、共同发展的共建机制,不断拓宽城乡互帮互助平台。     

Optical enhancement of fingerprint deposits on brass using digital color mapping

Abstract: The reflection of visible light from α‐phase brass subject to surface oxidation in air at elevated temperatures is investigated. X‐ray photoelectron and auger electron spectroscopy confirm that covered areas of brass (not exposed to air) display dezincification but an absence of significant surface oxidation, confirming a differential oxidation mechanism. Visualization of differential oxidation is shown to be enhanced by selective digital mapping of colors reflected from the surface of the brass using Adobe^® Photoshop^®. Enhancement is optimal when the brass is heated to ～250°C with areas of oxidation having a mirror‐like appearance. The use of this enhancement method to produce a faithful image of fingerprint ridge characteristics is demonstrated on brass shell casings where fingerprints were deposited prefiring.     

Preliminary investigations into tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium III as a chemiluminescent reagent for the detection of 3,6-diacetylmorphine (heroin) on surfaces

The use of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (III) as a chemiluminescent spray reagent spot-test for heroin is discussed. Two forms of the reagent are investigated an aqueous and an anhydrous where both were found to give vastly different results. The aqueous reagent giving slow, low intensity chemiluminescence whilst the anhydrous reagent gave a fast, bright response in the presence of 3,6-diacetylmorphine. The anhydrous reagent is less sensitive the slow, intensity response is characteristic of only two opiates tested 3,6-diacetylmorphine and 3-monoacetylmorphine.     

Neonatal death following clozapine self-poisoning in late pregnancy: an unusual case report

The report presents a fatal poisoning of a neonate occurring in the final stage of gestational life and evoked by his mother, who, while 9 months pregnant, took a toxic dose of clozapine aiming at committing suicide. She was also severely poisoned, but ultimately was saved. The woman had been taking the medication due to schizophrenia and depression prior to conception, and the discontinuation of the drug in the course of pregnancy increased the risk of the woman attempting suicide. In the course of comprehensive toxicological analysis based on the developed analytical procedure with the use of LC-APCI-MS, clozapine and its two metabolites, norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, were determined in postmortem blood, liver and kidney in concentrations explaining the death of the neonate. The interpretation of the above-described case is complex and--apart from toxicological aspects--also involves issues associated with psychiatry, pharmacotherapy in pregnancy and medicolegal problems.