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Pośpiech E Draus-Barini J Kupiec T Wojas-Pelc A Branicki W 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(4):880-886
Prediction of visible traits from genetic data in certain forensic cases may provide important information that can speed up the process of investigation. Research that has been conducted on the genetics of pigmentation has revealed polymorphisms that explain a significant proportion of the variation observed in human iris color. Here, on the basis of genetic data for the six most relevant eye color predictors, two alternative Bayesian network model variants were developed and evaluated for their accuracy in prediction of eye color. The first model assumed eye color to be categorized into blue, brown, green, and hazel, while the second variant assumed a simplified classification with two states: light and dark. It was found that particularly high accuracy was obtained for the second model, and this proved that reliable differentiation between light and dark irises is possible based on analysis of six single nucleotide polymorphisms and a Bayesian procedure of evidence interpretation. 相似文献
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目的建立液相色谱分析方法,对市售的30种不同厂家牌号(原装)染料型黑色喷墨打印字迹进行区分鉴别。方法通过选择最佳的提取条件、流动相,考察纸张、字迹形成方式等的影响,及样品及仪器的稳定性实验,确定实验条件。结果选择了最佳的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分析方法:固定相为X-bridge Shield RP18(3.5μm,4.6×100mm),流动相为乙腈-NH4HCO3溶液(10mmol/L),梯度洗脱,检测波长为585nm、475nm;用该方法,根据字迹染料成分的差异将30种样品分为四大类17小类。结论该方法可以为鉴别区分不同厂家染料型黑色喷墨打印字迹提供依据。 相似文献
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正常人蓝/黄颜色刺激事件相关电位的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究正常人等亮度蓝/黄颜色刺激电生理反应及其头皮分布,探讨大脑处理蓝/黄颜色视觉信息的特征及其法医学价值。方法对20名正常人(40只眼)进行等亮度蓝/黄颜色刺激,同时记录其脑电反应。结果事件相关电位(Event-related potentials,ERP)早期成分显示:与蓝色靶刺激相比,黄色靶刺激引起广泛脑区N1和P2潜伏期显著缩短;此外,黄色靶刺激较蓝色靶刺激诱发出较大N1及P2,且P2振幅右半球优势效应显著。ERP晚期成分显示:与早期成分相似,与黄色靶刺激对比,蓝色靶刺激引起广泛脑区N2和P3潜伏期显著延长,以及较小的N2和P3,同时,P3表现出显著的左半球优势效应。结论以上ERP结果提示,等亮度模式下,大脑对黄色反应更敏感,黄色刺激不仅引起ERP早期成分N1和P2潜伏期的缩短及振幅的升高,同时还引起ERP晚期成分N2和P3潜伏期缩短及振幅升高。颜色ERP可能在未来法医学基础研究及临床鉴定实践中发挥很大的应用价值。 相似文献
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RUTH D. PETERSON 《犯罪学》2017,55(2):245-272
This address has a twofold purpose. First, as the first African American to serve as president of the American Society of Criminology (ASC), I celebrate the contributions of scholars of color to the study of crime and criminal justice and to the ASC. I do so by pointing out the accomplishments of several African American scholars whose contributions are numerous and exemplary. I also emphasize that African Americans are joined in their efforts by scholars of multiple other colors, including, Latinos/as, Native Americans, and Asians. Second, in view of responses to apparent unrest and racial tension in U.S. society that is signaled by lethal violence between police and U.S. residents of color, I offer four recommendations regarding how we might proceed with our research, and report our findings, in ways that improve the likelihood of helping to inform societal debates and policy developments around crime and justice issues. In my conclusion, I encourage the ASC to 1) continue to grow the diversity of its membership and to integrate the research and findings of scholars of color into the mainstream of criminology; and 2) take further steps to conduct research and share findings with diverse audiences to ensure that post‐truth does not become normative regarding crime and justice issues. 相似文献
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Sebastian K.T.S. Wärmländer Ph.D. Liivi Varul M.A. Juuso Koskinen M.A. Ragnar Saage M.A. Stefan Schlager Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(1):190-195
Determining maximum heating temperatures of burnt bones is a long‐standing problem in forensic science and archaeology. In this pilot study, controlled experiments were used to heat 14 fleshed and defleshed pig vertebrae (wet bones) and archaeological human vertebrae (dry bones) to temperatures of 400, 600, 800, and 1000°C. Specular component included (SCI) color values were recorded from the bone surfaces with a Konica‐Minolta cm‐2600d spectrophotometer. These color values were regressed onto heating temperature, using both a traditional linear model and the k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN) machine‐learning algorithm. Mean absolute errors (MAE) were computed for 1000 rounds of temperature prediction. With the k‐NN approach, the median MAE prediction errors were 41.6°C for the entire sample, and 20.9°C for the subsample of wet bones. These results indicate that spectrophotometric color measurements combined with machine learning methods can be a viable tool for estimating bone heating temperature. 相似文献
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Jiang‐Chun Li M.S. Biao Li M.S. Xing‐Zhou Han Ph.D. Wei Han Ph.D. Fang Fang B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):475-485
A trace code pattern location measurement approach is proposed. It includes a method that can precisely extract the trace code pattern to identify the color laser printer or photocopier class. In this study, we collected 379 samples from 15 brands, including 129 models and 196 printers or photocopiers. The trace code pattern class is identified. Four class characteristics are used to identify the print source: (i) the relation between the pattern and print output direction; (ii) observation of the shape features from among the trace code pattern units; (iii) the feature arrangement from among the trace code pattern units; and (iv) the arrangement relation of the trace code pattern. Blind testing shows that the accuracy of the proposed method is approximately 96.9% for the Questioned Document Examiners, and 84.3% in the non‐Questioned Document Examiners. It is thus an effective technique for determining a print's color laser printer or photocopier source class. 相似文献
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Latent Fingermark Aging Patterns (Part II): Color Contrast Between Ridges and Furrows as One Indicator of Degradation 下载免费PDF全文
Josep De Alcaraz‐Fossoul Ph.D. Carme Barrot Feixat Ph.D. Jack Tasker B.Sc. Luke McGarr B.Sc Karen Stow Ph.D. Clara Carreras‐Marin M.Sc. Jaume Turbany Oset Ph.D. Manel Gené Badia Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(4):947-958
Currently, no established methodology exists to determine degradation patterns of latent fingermarks by visual means. This article is the second in a series of reports exploring quantifiable degradation‐related parameters, which focuses on color contrast changes between fingermark ridges and furrows over time. Experiment variables included type of secretion (eccrine and sebaceous), substrate (glass and plastic), and exposure to natural light (dark, shade, and direct light). Fingermarks were sequentially visualized with titanium dioxide powder and photographed. Image histogram profiles were evaluated and combined with statistical analysis of color data values. Results indicate that sebaceous depositions on glass were generally less degraded by the effect of environmental conditions compared with those on plastic. In addition, aging in darkness was not always the best condition for preservation, and direct exposure to light seemed to inhibit visual degradation under certain conditions. Overall, the technique provided sufficient sensitivity to discern degradation patterns of fingermarks. 相似文献