略论反恐多边条约的国内实施

国际恐怖(主义)犯罪是目前日炽的一种国际犯罪,国际社会非常重视对恐怖(主义)犯罪的惩治、预防和打击,缔结了一系列反恐多边条约。反恐多边条约的实施主要是缔约国的实施(即国内层面上的实施),可以分为直接实施和间接实施两种模式。反恐多边条约的国内实施于惩治和预防国际恐怖主义犯罪发挥了重要作用。反恐多边条约在我国得到了很好的实施,但在实施过程中仍存在某些弊端或不足,亟须完善,关键是要尽快制定一部专门的反恐特别法。     

洗钱犯罪若干问题探析

洗钱犯罪主要指为掩饰、隐瞒因毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪和走私犯罪的非法所得及其收益性质和来源,利用各种手段使非法收入转换成来源合法的资金和财产的行为。这种犯罪具有多重违法性、跨区域性、形式多样性、专业性等特点,主要通过金融机构、地下钱庄、私营公司、空壳公司、进出口贸易、网络等方式进行,给社会造成了巨大危害,必须予以高度重视井进行严厉打击。     

构建中国反恐怖法律体系

美国9.11恐怖事件发生后,恐怖主义活动给世界造成的极大危害,已经引起国际社会和各国公众的广泛关注,如何预防和打击恐怖主义成为当今社会的一个重要课题。在预防和打击恐怖主义的各种方法中,法律手段不容忽视。目前中国反恐怖立法比较分散,因此,有必要统一中国的反恐怖立法,构建中国反恐怖法律体系。     

关于"恐怖主义"的定义

关于什么是“恐怖主义”,各国立法有些有多种规定,有些未作规定,学者也是众说纷纭,莫衷一是,国际社会也未能在“恐怖主义”定义方面达成共识。究竟为什么给“恐怖主义”下定义如此不易?是否必须给其下定义呢?又如何给“恐怖主义”下定义?作为反恐法律制定和研究的起点,这些都是反恐理论与实践皆无法回避的问题。     

恐怖主义的根源及其防治对策分析

恐怖主义有其产生的历史因素、政治因素、文化因素和民族、宗教因素。针对恐怖主义活动这一特殊的犯罪活动,对策方面必须体现特殊性:立法上要体现国际合作的精神;要以防为主,防控结合;要建立一套统一协调的管理机制,特别是军警配合机制;要使侦查技术手段与安全检查、安全防范有机结合。     

Why me? An autoethnographic account of the bizarre logic of counterterrorism

The core concern of this article is derived from my personal experience of being stopped and questioned at Heathrow Airport on 28 March 2012 for possession of “suspect materials”: academic books on terrorism. I seek to utilise this experience to reflect on how logics of counterterrorism can become manifested in bizarre and prejudicial ways, and how autoethnography provides a unique means to articulate human experiences of such logics. I further utilise my experience to reflect on the dynamics of academic privilege, which often flourish at the expense of the voices of “ordinary citizens”, and argue that autoethnography can be embraced as an empowering form of self-expression through which “ordinary citizens” might de-subjugate themselves from the margins of academia towards an emancipatory ideal wherein the lived experiences of such citizens occupy a substantial space in academic and popular understandings of (counter)terrorism.     

PREVENT: creating “radicals” to strengthen anti-Muslim narratives

“She is of good behaviour and a good Muslim. Against this background, I accept on the evidence before me that this defendant gathered together the contents of the SD card in order to explore and understand the charges which her brothers faced. There is no evidence that she was motivated by their ideology or was preparing to follow them.” The judge in the case of Umm Ahmed clarified to the court that she had not been involved in illegality or had any intention to pose a threat to the UK. Despite this recognition, he sentenced Begum to a 12-month prison term for possessing the magazine Inspire which she had been reading to understand her charged brother’s case. What is unknown is the story of how Umm Ahmed was subjected to a deradicalisation programme, under the auspices of PREVENT and CHANNEL, without any indication of actual involvement in terrorism. The use of deradicalisation narratives in schools, universities and hospitals has led to the criminalisation of large sections of the various Muslim communities in the UK. Based on our experience of cases such as Umm Ahmed, we hope to present a view of how an aggressive anti-Muslim narrative that is based on assumptions subverts the political expression/identity of individuals by turning them into potential threats. The advocacy group CAGE has been working with Umm Ahmed in order to highlight the abuse of the terrorism narrative in her case, but also to understand the actual implementation of PREVENT and CHANNEL beyond their conceptual promotion as a safeguarding tool. By understanding the everyday interactions with PREVENT, a picture can be formed of the way that a false presentation of narratives can lead to a person becoming an “extremist” or “terrorist”, while the truth may lie in a completely alternative place.     

Sisters in Terrorism? Exploding Stereotypes

New Terrorism is increasingly deploying women in the field as combatants. Female suicide bombers have proven to be highly effective, precisely because of the persistence of gender stereotypes in target societies. Women terrorists convey a powerful message of political seriousness, heighten the sense of intimidation and threat, and attract greater mass media attention—all key strategic objectives of New Terrorism. Gender stereotypes are also at work in explanations for women's recourse to terrorist activism. Such stereotypes simplify complex motivations and either overvalue or undervalue women's agency. The net result of this stereotyping is that women end up worse off individually and collectively, domestically and internationally. The lives of women in geopolitical hotspots have become more precarious, and the valorization of women terrorists undermines the quest for women's emancipation in fundamentalist cultures. In Western democracies, paternalistic outrage at women's subordination under fundamentalist regimes may have initially served as a dubious justification for military and other interventions, but the involvement of women in terrorist activism now risks reinforcing an even more dangerous “clash of civilizations” thinking. One effect is to undermine the demands for greater gender equality in Western democracies as well as indirectly support the war on women political agenda domestically.     

网络恐怖主义及其防治——以犯罪学中的遏制理论为视角

利用网络实施颠覆性破坏是恐怖主义发展的一个新趋向,如何有效地防控网络恐怖主义已成为世界各国面临的一个共同课题.以犯罪学家雷克利斯的遏制理论为视角进行分析可以看出,宗教冲突、民族矛盾等是促成恐怖主义升级为网络恐怖主义的内部推力;实践中恐怖组织的不断受挫和利用网络实施恐怖活动的种种便利是推动网络恐怖主义产生的外部推力.因此,创建公平、公正、和谐的国际经济、政治、文化新秩序是消除网络恐怖主义的内部遏制力量,以立法为主导的综合防治对策是防控网络恐怖主义的外部遏制力量.