Local racial context,campaign messaging,and public political behavior: A congressional campaign field experiment

Local racial contexts influence public opinion and voting behaviors. This paper argues that differences in community racial demographics also change public political behavior and influence the effectiveness of different campaign appeals to change public political behaviors of white Americans. Using data from an experiment run by a congressional primary campaign, I examine the responses of white Republicans to display a yard sign of a white Republican running against a Latino Republican. Consistent with theories of racial threat, whites in Latino neighborhoods were more likely to be willing to post yard signs. Moreover, the results also show that the effectiveness of different campaign appeals varies by neighborhood racial context. These findings show that racial diversity affects the public political behaviors of white Americans and, more importantly, changes the effectiveness of different campaign appeals.     

新修辞学理论的基本立场——以佩雷尔曼的“普泛听众”概念为中心

佩雷尔曼的新修辞学理论对法律论证理论的发展影响深远。其核心概念，即作为言说者之主观思维构造的“普泛听众”，具有一种固有而不可化解的内在紧张关系。因为它所指涉的理性概念取决于言说者所内化了的社会、语言和文化视角下的世界观要素以及所涉及的生活领域内的特殊知识兴趣。一方面，“普泛听众”的概念暗含了法律论证的不确定性和开放性，因此位于各种版本的明证和非理性立场之间；另一方面。它坚持的是一种实用主义导向的真理共识论。     

Rhetoric in municipal amalgamations: a comparative analysis

ABSTRACT

There is a large literature that seeks to evaluate municipal amalgamations ex post, but a relative dearth of scholarly inquiry into the practical political task of persuading the public to accept amalgamations ex ante. We address this important gap in the literature by conducting a rhetorical analysis to ascertain what types of arguments are believed to be efficacious for persuasion on amalgamation. We find evidence to suggest belief in the efficacy of persuading the public through recourse to various projected dreadful consequences, particularly amongst opponents of amalgamation. We conclude by considering some of the reasons behind the observed rhetorics and briefly outline one possible solution.     

权力修辞向法律话语的转变——展开法治思维与实施法治方式的前提

在人们日常思维和言语表达中，权力修辞占据主导地位。权力场成了影响决策的最主要因素，这既不符合法治的原则要求，也难以成就管理国家与社会的法治方式。从思维方式决定行为方式的角度看，权力修辞向法律话语的转变是展开法治建设的思想条件。权力修辞与政法思维相匹配，重点维护的是管理秩序；法律话语与法治思维相适应，要限制权力，捍卫权利，是与法治建设相适应的法治意识形态，维护的是法律秩序。法律话语与权力修辞的冲突是我国法治建设中的重要问题，从西方法治的经验和中国法治建设的需求看，法律话语能否平衡权力修辞关系到中国法治建设的成败。     

The Rhetoric of Educational Reform

This article is an examination of the language of recent large-scale education reform in England, New Zealand, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Manitoba. In each jurisdiction, we review both the official documents and the parliamentary debate around a set of major educational reforms, looking at both the similarities and differences between jurisdictions and at the overall nature of official discourse. Although some similar rhetoric was used in all four settings, we conclude that the differences in justifications were more significant than the commonalities. Our analysis supports a view of official rhetoric as being primarily symbolic and intended to create or support particular definitions of problems and solutions, but also as shaped by the historical context, institutional structure, and political culture of each setting.     

从9·11事件到伊拉克战争泥潭——布什政府言论的历史

围绕美国在伊拉克战争受挫过程描述布什政府危机言论的历史。布什总统9·11之后发表了煽情的夸大危机的言论,反恐备战和占领伊拉克过程中将此类言论充分展开,美国陷入战争泥潭后此类言论一度达到高潮,布什第二届总统任期中,他的"立场坚定"的美名就已失去了修辞的魅力。     

当代西方哲学的三个特质

当代西方哲学的第一个特质是"英雄时代"的结束,"大哲学家"、"天才哲学家"独自沿着一个纲领、一个方向构造哲学体系已不可能.当代西方哲学的第二个特质是认为哲学就是对大家习以为常的习惯、所遵循的那些基本原则进行理性的审查活动,从宏观的方法来分析,可以分为修辞学论理哲学和逻辑论证的哲学.当代西方哲学的第三个特质是研究哲学的人有哲学家和哲学史家两种,前者追求普遍性的哲学方法,后者追求特殊性的历史的方法.     

Exploring the invocation of emotion in presidential speeches

Scholars have long explored why presidential rhetoric is important and how it matters for public leadership and policy-making. However, relatively few works have considered the role that emotion plays in leadership communication and no research has conducted a thorough examination of the various types of emotions invoked in presidential rhetoric, their frequency, or how they have shaped presidential discourse over time. In this study, presidential speeches across 13 administrations (1933–2011) are examined to provide a first assessment of the extent to which US presidents have invoked fear, anger, and hope across policy domains and key types of speeches.     

积极修辞在刑事案件辩护词写作中的运斥——以夏俊峰故意杀人罪死刑辩护词为例

积极修辞的有效运用，可以打破词语的一般意义层，鲜明生动地联结起意义网络。中国政法大学滕彪教授为沈阳小贩夏俊峰故意杀人罪撰写的刑事辩护词为现代汉语修辞分析提供了典型的法律文本，展示积极修辞在刑事案件辩护词中的作用，有利于形塑社会经验，介入、影响法律的文本功能，构筑、编织法律话语把人类的共同生活调控到有序的法制轨道上。     

诗性、修辞与法律价值预设——制度修辞研究之二

法律价值预设作为法律中提纲挈领、统领全局的内容,在法律作为"制度性修辞"的命题、判断和架构中,有着独特的分析意义。法律价值的抽象性、统领性,提供了诗性思维可以充分发挥作用的空间,同时,诗性思维也把法律价值预设结构在修辞世界。不论作为技术的修辞,还是作为本体的修辞,都对法律价值预设作为制度修辞起着论证作用。如果说法律和法治本身是一种制度性修辞,那么,通过法律价值预设能更好地证立这一判断。