从《工会法》修正案谈我国工会的职业化

西方市场经济国家将工会定义为代表工人利益的职业团体 ,而我国工会更多的带有政治团体的色彩。无论是从工会组织的宗旨上考察 ,还是从工会性质上分析 ,我国工会都应该主要定位于职工的职业团体 ,走职业化的道路。《工会法》修正案在这方面迈出了重要的一步 ,但还不彻底。     

弱势群体权利保护国际立法初探

就弱势群体的生存现状、法律的发展演进、各国立法与研究现状进行了较全面的介绍之后 ,深入分析了弱势群体权利保护所面临的问题和法律发展趋势 ,以期能引起人们对弱势群体权利保护状况的关注与重视 ,并努力改善之。作者指出 ,某些民族和宗教的固有传统由于与现代人权观念相冲突而成为改善弱势群体人权状况的最大障碍之一。文章最后深刻指出了弱势群体权利保护的三个发展趋势 ,即对弱势群体权利保护的加强、相关法律的趋同化、国际社会本位观念的贯彻执行。     

Judicial Independence, Judicial Promotion and the Enforcement of Legislative Wealth Transfers—An Empirical Study of the New Zealand High Court

This paper investigates the Landes-Posner thesis on judicial independence using data on public law decisions in which the government was the defendant decided in the New Zealand High Court over the period 1958–2001. We use survival analysis to examine whether successive New Zealand governments have promoted judges from the High Court to the Court of Appeal (which stands above the High Court) on the basis of political considerations, the quality of the judge's decision-making or both. Our findings suggest that the quality of decision-making has generally been important. Consistent with the weak form of the Landes-Posner hypothesis we find no evidence that governments have used their powers to punish judges who decided cases against them. On the contrary, we find some support for the strong form of the Landes-Posner thesis that governments positively use their powers to secure judicial independence.     

略论高科技对电影文化的影响

进入90年代以来，以数字化为代表的电影艺术的技术性革命对电影化产生至关重要的影响。电影本体、电影机制、影像的美学意义、电影接受心理等理论课题都必须放置在崭新的技术语境中讨论才有意义。面对日新月异的数字化技术的迅速发展，我们既要考虑到以数字化技术为代表的科技发展对电影的促进作用，又要清醒地认识到高科技对电影艺术的负面影响，从而完成电影化对物质化的整合和超越。     

单位犯罪集团初探

单位犯罪集团,是指包括单位在内的三个以上的人,为了共同实施犯罪而结成的较为固定的犯罪组织;单位犯罪集团的成立是我国有关规定及理论的必然结论;单位犯罪集团具有主体构成的复杂性、犯罪主体的独立性以及成立的限定性的特征;单位犯罪集团中的单位必须是合法成立的,其在犯罪集团中的地位不影响单位犯罪集团的成立;对于单位与自然人相勾结实施依法单位不能构成犯罪的情形,对此按照自然人犯罪集团处理;对于单位与自然人相勾结实施纯正单位犯罪的情形,可考虑按照刑法中身份犯的理论处理。     

社会关系网络在求职过程中的马太效应分析

社会转型期弱势群体在就业过程中使用社会关系网络并不会带来更好的工作我们称这种现象为社会关系网络的马太效应。它主要是由我国的历史文化背景、社会关系网络本身、人力资本等因素的影响造成的。文中对此进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Monopoly defeating mechanisms: Will they function in the digital world?

History reveals that ‘copyright’ was originally monopolistic (in the early fifteenth century) and remained so until the enactment of the Statute of Anne in 1709. Since then copyright has striven to maintain a delicate balance between incentive to authors and avoiding monopolistic stagnation. To achieve these goals, certain monopoly-defeating mechanisms have been adopted such as: fair use, public domain, the idea/expression dichotomy and the exhaustion doctrine. Recently, however, with the implementation of new laws: for instance the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1988), the EU Copyright Directive (2001), and the implementation of the EU Copyright and Related Rights Regulation amending the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988, there is a growing concern that the mechanisms which were enacted to defeat the monopoly will not work in the digital medium. With the provision of affixing technological measures to copyrighted works and the non-application of the exhaustion doctrine in the digital world, arguably the monopoly defeating mechanisms have been disabled. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the way monopoly defeating mechanisms are becoming non-functional in the digital world. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates how the European Copyright Directive and the UK implementation of the Directive has transgressed the boundary of exclusive rights set by the two World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties – the World Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performers and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) – and copyright law, thereby strengthening the copyright owner's rights in a way that was never intended by the WIPO treaties or by copyright law. Consequently, the new laws have also shifted copyright's attention from commercial pirates to non-commercial individual users. The study aims to demonstrate how the shift took place and finally, trace the recurrence of the monopoly; giving rise to a situation where there is no fair use/dealing, no public domain, no idea/expression distinction and no exhaustion doctrine.     

东北老工业基地企业中的“义家族”现象分析

义家族是企业组织内靠哥们儿义气联系在一起并按照家族方式行为组成的人际网络。通过义家族网络可以在某些情况下提高办事效率、降低企业治理中的道德风险、快速形成企业的统一价值观和增进人际关系的融洽程度,还能够快速地形成核心和骨干员工的网络,在义家族内部能够更有效地激励其成员,对义家族成员的选择提供了一种前馈控制的机制,等等,这些都是企业管理的有利因素。同时,义家族成员奉行的义气至上行为准则,会导致企业组织目标迷失,破坏企业秩序,还会产生排外意识,导致组织内政治行为泛滥,扭曲员工的价值观,这些是义家族对企业管理的消极影响。改善老工业基地企业的管理,需要对义家族实施扬长避短、惩恶扬善的对策。     

A silent minority: Battered American Indian women

Sixteen American Indian women requesting counseling for domestic violence at an urban Indian health center were interviewed using standardized measures. The majority of the women were not married, had low family incomes, and both the women and their partners abused substances. All of the women experienced increased depression and stress as a result of the battering. A mental health needs assessment survey of 198 American Indian women is presented for comparison. Women who reported a history of domestic violence on the survey were more likely to be separated or divorced and reported more problems with alcohol than the women with no history of domestic violence. The results of the domestic violence program interviews are compared to the mental health needs assessment survey and studies of battered women in shelters.     

中国公司法之构造缺陷及克服

作者认为 ,中国公司法在实践中存在以下缺陷 :有限公司与股份公司的组织机构之间区别模糊、国有独资公司定位不当、股份公司之董事会缺少有效约束、监事会的监督职能虚拟化以及对关联公司以及公司集团的约束不力。为更好地发挥公司在市场经济中的作用 ,实有改革有限公司制度以及重新塑造股份公司之董事会与监事会关系的必要。此外 ,还应当增加对关联公司与公司集团的法律规定。