美国农业合作社的形态法定化及其启示

在美国,农业合作社是农场主为了满足自身生存发展的需要,在借鉴欧洲合作社尤其是罗虚代尔公平先锋社先进经验的基础上,探索和创造出来的一种组织形态;这种组织形态最初并未体现于法律中。及至20世纪初期以后,在寻求农业合作社反垄断豁免及税收优惠的过程中,经由制定法和判例法的合力,农业合作社逐步实现了形态法定化,并在法律的助推下得以进一步勃兴。美国农业合作社形态法定化的实践给我们提供了如下启示:应重视并充分运用法律手段来提升农民合作经济组织的绩效;农民合作经济组织法律制度的确立应积极回应实践中的制度创新;我国农业反垄断豁免的主体界定可借鉴美国的成功经验。     

社会主义市场经济应当确立什么样的产权基础

市场经济的微观基础不是某种既定的私有制,而是以权利可分割、可交换的个人所有权为基础的产权制度。市场经济是集中的封闭的所有制向分散的开放的所有制发展的必然结果。传统意义上的国有制是一个封闭性的所有制,是与市场经济不相适应的;国有企业作为一个经济组织应当退出竞争领域,但不等于国有经济也应当退出竞争领域,而是要改变国有经济的竞争方式。在社会主义市场经济条件下,建立起财产权利相互分离的、相互独立的个人产权,是国有企业改革的根本任务。     

行业协会价格卡特尔反垄断法规制的比较研究

行业协会的价格卡特尔行为同时具有正负两方面的效应,但我国相应的法律规制却并未得以完全体现,美国与日本的反垄断法在该方面已经积累了一些重要的经验,这对于如何完善我国行业协会价格卡特尔行为的反垄断法规制提供了有益的参考.     

Differentiation of coloured inks of inkjet printer cartridges by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography

Document examiners are frequently asked to determine whether or not a colour printout has originated from a particular inkjet printer. The printer can rarely be identified unless some unique defects or irregularities of the printer are present on the printout. However, it is possible to decipher the make and/or model of the printer by comparing the ink-profile of the questioned printout with that of a seized inkjet printer cartridge or from one in a database. This paper presents an overview of a systematic approach to characterising and discriminating the inks of different inkjet printer cartridges using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with multi-wavelength ultra-violet/visible (UV/Vis) detection. Ink samples from 23 different inkjet printer cartridges (including originals and substitutes) of different brands and colour printouts, printed by known printers were examined with newly developed chromatographic methods. Subsequently, a database of the ink-profiles was generated. The methods provide a useful tool for discriminating coloured inks in inkjet printer cartridges of different brands.     

构建高职教育的人才培养体系

高等职业技术学院以职业技能为基础,构建人才培养体系,以现代教育理念,完善人才培养的机制.     

对加快实施"云电外送"战略的思考

云南有丰富的水能资源和与东南亚国家相邻的区位优势。如何把握国家实施“西电东送”的战略机遇,积极开拓国内、国际电力市场,利用资源优势,加快培育水电支柱产业和实施“云电外送”战略,是值得研究的重大课题。     

Fleeting fame under the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006

Legal context: When Congress enacted the Federal Trademark Dilution Act in1996, it intended to create a uniform federal cause of actionfor trade mark dilution. Unfortunately, the statutory languageselected by Congress created certain ambiguities, includinghow famous a trade mark had to be to merit dilution protectionunder the statute. Confusion developed as to whether a markmerely needed renown in a limited geographic area or industry—aconcept that became known as ‘niche fame’—orwhether it needed national renown to qualify as a ‘famousmark’. Key points: In 2006, Congress enacted the Trademark Dilution Revision Actand therein provided a concrete definition for a famous markthat ostensibly removed the ability to qualify for dilutionrelief where the mark was famous only within a particular niche.It was uncertain how courts that had previously favoured theniche fame theory would apply Congress's new definition. However,a district court in the Ninth Circuit, one of the strongestproponents of niche fame, recently held that niche fame is nolonger a viable theory under the Lanham Act or California statelaw as a result of the 2006 amendment. Practical significance: This decision portends that courts will fall in line with Congress'samendment and will deny dilution relief under federal law toparties whose marks are famous only in a particular geographicarea or industry. Additionally, the decision provides some guidanceand predictability as to how states may interpret the viabilityof niche fame under their respective dilution statutes in lightof Congress's 2006 amendment.     

共同犯罪中犯罪中止有效性问题研究

共同犯罪的犯罪中止是犯罪中止形态的一种特殊形态。对它的认定,应当从共同犯罪理论与犯罪中止制度入手,不仅要考虑到共同犯罪的性质及各个共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中影响力和作用力的不同,更要考虑到中止制度的理论价值与实践意义。     

金融资产管理公司的法律定位及走向分析

我国的金融资产管理公司(AMC)是为防范金融风险,最大限度保全资产、减少损失,促进国有银行和国有企业的改革而成立的。当前,AMC的运作中还存在着法律风险、经营风险和道德风险,应采取适当措施化解以上风险。从我国的现实情况看,AMC还将存在较长一段时间。     

努力建设高效型政府

建设高效型政府是我国实现现代化宏伟目标的需要,是适应经济全球化的必然选择,是人民政府的本质要求。我们要建设的高效型政府,应该是能力型的政府、服务型的政府、责任型的政府、法制型的政府。要建设高效型政府,必须转变政府职能,提高行政能力,强化服务意识,实践勤政为民,完善政府法制,落实行政责任,加强人员培训,提高整体素质。