论军事规范性文件制定与实施的规范化

军事规范性文件的制定与实施有利于健全依法治军的手段 ,提高依法治军的效率 ,完善依法治军的依据。当前 ,在制定与实施规范性文件的过程中 ,存在着制定主体混乱、越权情况严重、内容与军事法相抵触、地位被不适当地抬高、制定程序缺乏统一规范等问题。必须采取有效措施 ,规范制定规范性文件的主体 ,完善制定规范性文件的程序 ,加强对制定规范性文件的监督     

论自然人签章的民法意义

签章是指某一自然人在民事法律性文件上签名或加盖印章或者签名并加盖印章的行为。其作用在于：一是“要式”作用;二是证据作用。自然人签章会发生在不同的场合,并且,随着签章人担任的社会角色的变化,其法律上的身份不尽相同,签章的法律效力也因此而有区别。故对于签章所产生的法律后果,必须结合签章行为人在某一具体法律关系中的法律身份才能加以界定。签名与盖章不能混为一谈,两者不能在法律上划等号,依据现行立法,一般而言,签名与盖章有同等的法律效力。当事人可以签名,也可以盖章代替签名。但法律有特别规定的,二者就有了严格的区别,不能相互替代。自然人签章存在的问题,一是立法上的。二是法律适用上的。对于问题的解决,笔者的建议是：完善有关签章的相关立法,做好法律宣传。     

坚持教学基本原则, 贯彻现代教学理念

公安院校是以培养能在公安实战部门从事专业工作的应用型人才为主要目标的高等学校。在组织和开展教学活动中,必须坚持教学基本原则,贯彻现代教学理念。公安法律文书教学旨在培养公安应用型人才必备的制作公安法律文书的能力。在公安法律文书课的教学实践中,贯彻“以学生为本,以应用为导向”的现代教学理念,必须坚持学用一致、讲练结合的教学原则。突破“灌输型”教育观,树立“学/导型”教育观,为学生提供自主学习、自我发展的空间。紧贴公安实战,采用多元实践教学模式,按需施教,精讲多练,培养和巩固学生制作公安法律文书的能力。     

试论当代中国宪法学研究的使命

当代中国宪法学研究仍处于相对薄弱的发展阶段,主要表现就是尚未建立起自足的中国宪法学。因此,中国宪法学研究在社会历史转型时期面临着机遇与挑战,宪法学研究所承载的使命在当下应当主要为宪法学品格的自足独立、宪法学研究的文本回归与宪法的实证化。     

烧毁文件的提取与检验

在实践中,被烧毁的文件往往具有较高的证据价值,需要对烧毁文件进行提取和检验。文件被烧毁后,其柔韧性大大降低且极脆,在提取、包装、运送过程中,可先用10%甘油水溶液或少许清水稍微润湿,或用美发用的喷发胶,向纸灰上方喷少许,使雾状发胶自然飘落在纸灰表面,增加纸灰的柔韧性。提取的纸灰一般都是卷曲易碎的,一般可用喷雾法、涂刷法、喷发胶软化法技术处理使之软化展平。烧毁文件的辨读可根据不同的书写材料采取红外线检验、单侧光反射检验或透射光等多种检验方式。     

论广西少数民族习惯法文献收集与整理

研究少数民族习惯法,文献和史料是不可或缺的考证支撑.然而,由于历史和文化的原因,广西少数民族习惯法缺乏完整而系统的文献记载,需要研究者从各种途径和渠道进行一点一滴的发掘和搜集.笔者从自己收集和整理文献的经验出发,认为收集和整理广西少数民族习惯法文献,主要有以下四个渠道:一、直接到少数民族聚居区收集和整理习惯法文献;二、从史书中收集和整理广西少数民族习惯法文献;三、从古代文人的笔记、杂著、游记、见闻录、地理方志中收集和整理;四、从地方通志中收集和整理少数民族文献.     

论刑法中的变造:以文书为视角

变造是指对既存文书证明事项的本质部分加以改变的行为.变造包括有形变造和无形变造.伪造与变造的区别在于所制作出来的东西与以前文书是否具备同一性.我国刑法中的变造应解读为在于是否对文书的本质部分作了改变.     

The discrimination potential of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the forensic analysis of black and blue ballpoint inks

The knowledge of the discriminating power of analytical techniques used for the differentiation of writing inks can be useful when interpreting results. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to examine a population of 21 black and 12 blue ballpoint writing inks. Based on corroborative results of these methods, the discrimination power for UV-VIS, TLC, and FT-IR was determined to be 100% and 98% for the black and blue inks, respectively. Generally, TLC and UV-VIS can be used to differentiate the colorant components (i.e., dyes and some pigments) found in inks. As FT-IR can be utilized to identify some of the noncolorant components, it was determined to be an excellent complementary technique that can be implemented into an analytical scheme for ink analysis.     

公安文献信息资源保障体系中资源建设的思考

文献信息资源建设是建立公安文献信息资源保障体系的基础 ,为此必须树立起载体多样化、馆藏虚拟化、资源共享化这样一些新观念 ,在加强实体资源建设的同时 ,应加大数字资源建设的力度 ,将重点放在公安文献的数字化建设上。文中分析了目前数字化建设中存在的困难与不足 ,提出了公安文献数字化建设的一些思考性意见。     

Measuring the frequency occurrence of handwritten numeral characteristics—An expanded list

In the third of a series of studies and reports, the authors expand on the frequency occurrence proportions of various handwritten features. The first study culminated in the publication of “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics.” That study was followed by “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics.” The premise of this current and future follow‐up studies is to expand on the initial lists of information incrementally by expanding the number of features and the number of writers. This study expands on the list of numeral features. A total of 34 numeral features was selected by the authors as candidates for this study and tested through an attribute agreement analysis. Based on the results of the testing, 17 new features have been added to the list of proportions. The original 1410 handwritten numeral specimen forms were utilized and pared to 1024 to obtain a proper population sampling for the United States. Interdependency testing was conducted on 783 pairs of inter‐character numerals. A coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 was found in 534 (68.20%) of these pairs. As of this report, there are now a total of 42 numerals with measured frequencies of occurrence. This material has already borne fruit as the combined frequency of occurrence studies were explained during an unsuccessful exclusion hearing in court with an explanation as to how these studies support the reliability of forensic document examination.