The tussle with trust: Trust in the news media ecology

This article offers a conceptual exploration of the changing notion of trust and distrust in today's news media ecology. Central is the question whether the relationship between the traditional media actors, media organisations, journalists and news users, can be increasingly characterised by distrust. Do we really notice a decline in trust in the news media? And moreover, are these feelings of distrust grounded? In order to answer these questions, we look at the changing economic, technological and societal context and how this might explain the strained relationship between these actors. We find that to a large extent the goals of the media actors diverge or even conflict. Mutually bridging these goals is difficult as they boil down to ideological and normative choices. This requires us to reconsider our ways of looking at trust. Therefore, this article's central argument is that a trusted relationship between the media actors is unlikely to result from a definitive settlement between the actor's conflicting goals. Rather, maintaining a trusted relationship is likely to become a matter of constant renegotiation. For this renegotiation to succeed, transparency and integrity are key. We find inspiration in the recent work of Solove (2001), Nissenbaum (2004) and Mansell (2008, forthcoming) to take a different, more contextual approach towards the notion of trust. As regards the relationship between news organisations and users, we suggest these norms should be negotiated in a balanced and transparent way, giving users an equal say in the process. The relationship between journalists and news users should be guided by a mutual interest in truth telling, whereby users are not only merely seen as consumers, but also as potential contributors to news stories. Policy makers in turn should act as facilitators of such spaces of renegotiation.     

循环经济本质研究的新视角

循环经济是一种技术范式,发展循环经济技术创新是关键,应依靠科技进步,突破发展循环经济的技术瓶颈,尽快完善发展循环经济的技术支撑体系;循环经济是一种生态经济,生态经济就是一种尊重生态原理和经济规律的经济,按照生态规律利用自然资源和环境容量,实现经济活动的生态转向;循环经济是一种产业生态化模式,是产业生态化的过程,表现为一系列的产业形态,要不断推进产业结构的优化、产业集群式发展,实现传统产业集群向生态结构转型。     

民族地区生态文明建设法治保障之路径

民族地区作为我国生态环境的屏障区,经过多年的努力,局部生态环境有所改善,但与生态文明建设的目标相去甚远。分析现实中阻却这一目标实现的制约因素及原因,并提出法治保障之举措,是实现该地区与全国同步建成小康社会的应有之义。     

山西生态文明格局建设研究

阐释生态文明格局的基本内涵,明确山西生态文明格局建设的思路与实现途径,提出促进生态文明格局建设的保障措施,为资源型地区生态文明格局的构建提供参考的范例。     

岷江上游民族地区生态环境退化与整治研究

在过去几十年 ,由于人口超过环境承载量 ,人们生产方式和生活方式落后 ,以及生态脆弱等诸多因素 ,导致岷江上游民族地区生态环境退化 ,如植被 ,草场 ,土地的退化及自然灾害频繁发生等。目前 ,区域贫困和生态环境退化已形成了恶性循环。本文根据生态环境退化的现状和人为活动的特点 ,提出了生态环境恢复和整治的对策 ,为岷江上游民族地区生态屏障的构建提出新思路。     

资本全球化的生态风险及其规避

资本主义崛起和发展的历史是一部资本全球化的历史，即资本流向全球、在全世界扩张蔓延的历史。在此历史过程中，造成资本积累的空间矛盾与生态危机的全球化，不断加剧对欠发达国家或地区生态空间的占有与剥夺。发展中国家总体上处于全球产业链的底端，在追求经济社会发展的道路上不可避免地会遇到资本全球化的生态风险挑战，甚至陷入资本权力构筑的生态陷阱。面对全球化浪潮与资本的全球化，发展中国家不可能完全拒斥资本，但也不能对其听之任之，应建立国内统一大市场，掌握经济社会发展的主动权；设立生态门槛，限制和导控国际资本；聚合广大发展中国家之力，构建国际公认的生态话语权；推进人类命运共同体建设，加强全球生态治理，维护全球生态安全，在持续推进全球化进程中实现人与自然的和谐共生。     

试论企业内部控制体系在党风廉政建设中的作用

反对腐败、建设廉洁政治,是党一贯坚持的鲜明政治立场。这个问题解决不好,就会对党造成致命伤害。目前,腐败涉及的数字触目惊心,坚决惩治、有效预防腐败和加强党风廉政建设,是党必须始终抓好的重大政治任务。内部控制体系建立的目的就是为了保证经济资源的安全完整、经济信息的正确可靠、经营行为的合理合法、经济活动的有序进行,以及经营风险的有效规避,使其在党风廉政建设中发挥积极作用。     

Confidence in an election authority and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of a failed election in Sweden

Contemporary research on electoral integrity has focused on the functioning, evaluation, and legitimacy of electoral processes in emerging democracies. By contrast, this study investigates whether a failed election in a well-established democracy can affect individuals' evaluations of the electoral management body, the Election Authority, and whether those evaluations affect satisfaction with democracy. Using the case of a Swedish regional election in 2010 that had to be rerun due to procedural mistakes in the vote handling, we found that, in the short term, individuals’ confidence in the Election Authority was reduced after it was announced that the election had to be rerun because of the mistakes. Subsequently, this decreased confidence was strongly associated with less satisfaction with democracy at the regional and national level. As good news for the authority, after a successful rerun election, confidence rebounded to the levels prior to the failed election.     

Forensic integrity verification of video recordings based on MTS files

Digital video is used in criminal trials as evidence with legal responsibility because video content vividly depicts events occurring at a crime scene. However, using sophisticated video editing software, assailants can easily manipulate visible clues for their own benefit. Therefore, the integrity of digital video files acquired or submitted as evidence must be ensured. Forensic analysis of digital video is key to ensuring the integrity of links with individual cameras. In this study, we analyzed whether it is possible to ensure the integrity of MTS video files. Herein, we propose a method to verify the integrity of MTS files encoded by advanced video coding high definition (AVCHD), which is frequently used for video recording. To verify MTS file integrity, we propose five features. Codec information, picture timing, and camera manufacture/model are modified AVI and MP4-like format video verification features. Group of pictures and Universally Unique Identifier patterns were specifically developed for MTS streams. We analyzed the features of 44 standard files recorded using all recording options of seven cameras. We checked whether integrity can be validated on unmanipulated videos recorded in various environments. In addition, we considered whether manipulated MTS files edited in video editing software could be validated. Experimental results show that all unmanipulated and manipulated MTS files with known recording devices were discriminated only when all five features were checked. These results show that the proposed method verifies the integrity of MTS files, strengthening the validity of MTS file-based evidence in trials.     

See No Evil,Hear No Evil? Assessing Corruption Risk Perceptions and Strategies of Victorian Public Bodies

This paper critically examines qualitative survey data from 36 Victorian public sector bodies on their perceptions of corruption risks, and strategies to mitigate these risks, as well as the integrity mechanisms in place. The findings indicate that even though corruption does not seem to be prevalent in these bodies it is not on their radar either, though fraud prevention was significantly present. The paper identifies international best practices of integrity management and inculcation of public service ethos in developed countries, and stresses three vital elements or pillars that combine both the ‘values’ and ‘compliance’ based approaches. These pillars are as follows: (1) specific corruption prevention programs and strategies that are additional to but complement existing anti‐fraud programs; (2) targeted anti‐corruption training, both for employees and for the public; and (3) effective leadership engagement and commitment to an ethical culture (Tone at the Top).