交通事故颅脑损伤233例法医学鉴定分析

通过对233例交通事故颅脑损伤案例的分析,对受伤者的性别、年龄及损伤程度进行了统计。并对其颅脑外伤后遗症和伤残等级的关系、评定时间及脑外伤后神经功能障碍的认定进行了探讨。     

An unusual case of child head injury by coat hanger*

Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children suspected of child abuse. Penetrating cranio-facial injuries are generally rare in the pediatric age group and are caused by both accidental and inflicted mechanisms. We report an unusual case of a 2-year-old female who was admitted to a pediatric emergency room with an industrial stainless steel coat hanger impaled in her skull. Pertinent clinical forensic medicine examination, coupled with home inspection and interviews by the local law enforcement, revealed a horrible episode of domestic violence.     

Dynamic posturography of injured lower limb in postural evoked responseCSCD

Objective: To analyze the balance function of injured lower limb by dynamic posturography. Methods: Using the dynamic posturography instrument, the postural evoked responses of sixty-two normal people and two hundred and fifty-eight people with injured lower limb bones and joints were detected. The test was included sensory organization test (SOT) and adaption test (ADT). The results of two groups were compared by t test. Results: Compared with the normal people, the impaired people had significant statistical differences in balance scores of SOT3-SOT6 and proportion score of dynamic proprioception (P<0.05). There was no obvious decrease in ADT. Conclusion: The balance function of injured lower limb significantly decreases. © 2015 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

试论精神伤害伤情程度评定的法学基础

在第五届全国司法精神病学术会议（西安，！996年5月）f．，精神伤害伤情程度评定成为学者们关心的话题之一，之后又被确定为下一届会议的中心议题之一【’】．笔者所在的鉴定机构c多次接受司法机关的委托从事这方面的鉴定，虽然出具了鉴定结论，但总体卜来说，是缺乏足够的法律依据，只是专家意见或者说是某些学说的具体运用p，‘］．在新的《刑事诉讼法》和《刑法》’陆续颁布后，尤其是新的《刑法｝）明确了罪刑法定原则，这种状况已明显不能适应形势，必须加快在程序和实体L的立法工作，制定精神伤害伤情程度评定的标准．精神伤害的伤…     

浅析俄罗斯家电市场

1991年独立后俄罗斯家电生产每况愈下,供需差距极大,这无疑为进口家电占领其市场提供了契机。目前,中国向俄罗斯出口的家电产品与其他国家相比,市场占有份额不大,尚处于劣势,因此应从思想和行动上采取相应的策略,开拓俄罗斯家电市场。     

对临床法医鉴定结论影响因素的探讨

鉴定结论作为法定的诉讼证据之一,它的正确与否,对案件的正确处理起着举足轻重的作用。对各种有关人身伤害案件和事故,因调解赔偿和裁定处理的需要,都要求进行临床法医学鉴定。本文通过对影响鉴定结论的五个方面因素进行了探讨,以期更好地为司法实践服务。     

大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后水通道蛋白4的表达

目的观察大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后水通道蛋白4(aquaporin 4,AQP4)的表达,探讨其在脑水肿发生中的作用。方法参照Marmarou的打击负荷伤模型,建立大鼠弥漫性脑损伤动物模型。用干湿重法测定脑组织含水量,用伊文思蓝(Evans blue,EB)检测血脑屏障通透性的变化,运用免疫组织化学方法观察AQP4的表达。结果打击后3 h脑组织含水量增加,24 h达到高峰。脑组织EB含量伤后明显增加,12 h达到高峰。AQP4于打击后3 h表达明显增强,24 h达到高峰,AQP4阳性表达的胶质细胞数量明显增多。结论大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后血脑屏障通透性的增加及AQP4表达的增强促进脑水肿的发生,AQP4在胶质细胞的表达变化可用于辅助诊断弥漫性脑损伤。     

Age‐Related Vulnerability to Lethal Craniocerebral Crush Injuries from Electrical Beds/Tables

Vulnerability to accidents characterizes the extremes of life for reasons that may be similar in each age group. Two cases are reported to demonstrate increased risks of entrapment and crushing injury involving the use of electrically controlled beds/tables. Case 1: A frail 98‐year‐old woman with a history of dementia suffered a lethal crush injury to her head when she fell out of bed and accidentally activated its lowering mechanism. Case 2: An 18‐month‐old girl suffered a lethal crush injury to her head when she became trapped under a lowered electric massage table. Common devices may be dangerous if individuals do not have the mental or physical capabilities to deal with them. The forensic assessment of such deaths involves an evaluation of the neurocognitive level and physical strength of the decedent as documented in previous clinical assessments, in addition to a careful examination of the structure and function of the bed/table.     

Retrospective Analysis of Hanging Deaths in Ontario

Hanging deaths from investigation standpoint are rarely problematic. Unusual circumstances can on occasion raise suspicion of foul play. Associated neck injuries are reported in the literature with variable frequency (from 0% to 76.8%). This study retrospectively analyzed 755 hanging deaths in Ontario (Canada) to evaluate the demographic features and circumstances of hanging fatalities, and the frequency of hanging‐related neck injuries. A number of cases showed unusual/special circumstances (e.g., complex, double suicides, restraints). Among 632 cases with complete autopsies, hyoid and larynx fractures were present in 46 cases (7.3%) with the most common being isolated hyoid fractures. The incidence of cricoid fractures was 0.5% and cervical spine injuries, 1.1%. A higher incidence of neck injuries occurred among males, long drop hangings, and in cases with complete suspension. There was a tendency for the number of fractures to increase with increasing age and weight of the deceased.