小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中M_3型乙酰胆碱受体的表达

目的 探讨小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中损伤区M3受体的表达及其随时间的变化规律.方法 应用免疫组织化学染色和Western印迹技术检测小鼠皮肤切创后不同时间段M3受体的变化情况.结果 正常皮肤组织的表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺、汗腺、皮肌层等均表达M3受体.伤后6～12h,损伤区M3受体阳性细胞以多形核粒细胞为主;1～3d,M3受体阳性细胞以单个核细胞和成纤维细胞为主;5～14d,M3受体阳性细胞主要为成纤维细胞.阳性细胞率在伤后6～12h逐渐增高,12h达高峰,1～5d略有下降,但保持较高水平,7d阳性细胞率再次达到峰值,随后逐渐降低.通过Westem印迹法检测显示,各个时间段均有M3受体阳性条带,其中12h和7d为M3受体两个表达高峰.结论 多形核粒细胞、单个核细胞和成纤维细胞均表达M3受体,提示其可能在皮肤切创愈合过程中起重要的作用;M3受体表达的规律性变化可用于损伤时间的推断.     

脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残鉴定时机

目的研究脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残相对合理准确的最佳鉴定时机。方法对93例交通事故脑外伤所致精神障碍患者进行伤残鉴定及随访调查,在伤后不同时间段（3、6、9、12月）分别收集患者颅脑影像学、脑电图及详细病史资料,并对患者家属进行调查和对患者进行精神检查及智力量表（Wechsler Intellegence Scale for Adult,WAIS）、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（Social Disability Screening Schedule,SDSS）和日常生活能力量表（Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL）测验,据此进行诊断及评残。结果ADL、SDSS对不同等级伤残及不同时间段区分良好,整体样本显示患者ADL、SDSS平均值9月与12月无差别。轻度伤残ADL、SDSS平均值6、9、12月无差别,中度伤残ADL、SDSS平均值9月与12月无差别,重度伤残ADL平均值6、9、12月无差别。结论脑外伤所致精神障碍伤残鉴定轻度伤残以伤后6个月评定为宜,中度伤残以伤后9个月评定为宜,重度伤残统计结论显示评残时机为伤后6个月,但综合分析认为重度伤残以伤后9个月评定为宜。     

Influence of alcohol intoxication of pedestrians on injuries in fatal road accidents

Pedestrians belong to the group of road users with the highest mortality rate. The frequency of road accidents involving pedestrians is 2% but pedestrians represent as many as 13% of all road accident deaths. Because of the mechanism and dynamics of injury and the effects of alcohol on physical and mental performance, pedestrians under the influence of alcohol are classed among the road users most at risk.Our retrospective study included 125 pedestrian fatalities treated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana between 1999 and 2006. We classified the victims into two groups by blood alcohol level Group I (alcohol positive) and Group II (alcohol negative), defined differences in gender, age, incidence of injuries and established causes of death and period of survival following the road accident. In Group I (n = 53) 96% were male and 4% female; the average age was 45.6 years. In Group II (n = 72) 40% were male and 60% female; the average age was 63.1 years. The percentage of injuries to individual parts of the body was higher in Group I than among the deceased pedestrians in Group II. The most common cause of death in both groups was craniocerebral trauma. Death occurred in the first 6 h following the accident in 92% of cases in Group I and in 69% of cases in Group II.Alcohol-positive pedestrians are predominantly younger men, who have a higher level of risk of a road accident, greater incidence of injuries and a shorter period of survival following a road accident.     

俄罗斯电力市场化改革解析

俄罗斯电力工业实力雄厚,但电价较低,电力生产与发展所需资金缺乏,发电设备陈旧老化。电力市场化改革的目标是打破垄断,引入竞争机制,通过电力市场配置电力资源。但实施过程波折颇多,在争议中缓慢前行。争议的焦点是担心电力民营化会造成国有资产流失,使国家电力安全受到威胁;放松管制会使电价大幅上涨,损害消费者利益,进而使整个经济系统瘫痪,社会动荡不安。     

日、美、欧电力市场化改革分析

90年代以来 ,为了适应电力全球化趋势 ,日、美、欧各国实行了多种模式的电力市场化改革。改革的目标是要打破垄断 ,引入竞争机制 ,提高效率 ,降低电价。实现改革目标的基本途径 ,一是对电力工业国有资本实行民营化 ,出售给股民或外国公司等 ;二是打破独家垄断经营 ,培育市场竞争主体 ,建立竞争性电力市场。经济学中对自然垄断的研究是电力市场化改革的理论基础。     

乌头碱对新生大鼠心肌细胞DNA损伤的影响

目的探讨乌头碱对新生大鼠心肌细胞DNA损伤的影响。方法新生SD大鼠20只,随机分为4组,取心室肌以差速贴壁法原代培养心室肌细胞。培养第6天,制成密度为2×105个细胞/mL的细胞悬液,分别加入乌头碱混合液至终浓度为0.1、0.5、1、2μmol/L,染毒30m in;采用彗星电泳技术及CASP分析软件,检测不同浓度乌头碱染毒后心室肌细胞DNA损伤程度。结果心肌细胞被不同浓度乌头碱染毒后,尾部DNA含量、彗尾长度、尾矩、O live尾矩均随乌头碱浓度增加而升高,头部DNA含量则逐渐降低,与对照组相比,有显著性差异(P<0.01);乌头碱染毒剂量越大,心肌细胞DNA损伤越严重。结论乌头碱染毒引起细胞DNA断裂损伤呈明显的剂量—效应关系,推测细胞DNA损伤是乌头碱毒作用机制之一。     

意外摔跌致颅脑损伤21例尸体检验分析

通过对21例意外摔跌伤所致颅脑损伤的法医学检验资料进行统计分析,探讨意外摔跌伤的损伤特点、发生原因,以及与高处跌倒、交通事故及打斗中摔跌形成的损伤特点进行比较。结果表明意外摔跌饬有其独特的特点。     

人体骨骼上菜刀痕迹的检验及同一认定

目的 对人体骨骼上刀痕进行致伤工具同一认定的检验和研究.方法 用同一把菜刀的相同部位分别砍击骨骼与新鲜灌木,通过对骨骼上刀痕进行组织学处理以显现致伤工具的痕迹,并使用比对显微镜将骨骼与灌木上的砍痕进行比对,分析骨质断面的痕迹特征.结果 菜刀在骨骼上形成的砍切痕迹线条与比对样本的砍切痕迹线条可以完全拼接.结论 显微镜下可直观、清晰地观察到致伤工具在骨骼上留下的痕迹,为致伤工具的推断提供了新的方法.     

论我国工伤保险赔偿救济模式的立法选择

工伤保险是现代社会应对工业伤害和职业病的积极措施,也体现了现代法律保护社会弱者的价值取向和法律公平正义之基本理念。世界各国对工伤事故的保险赔偿与民事侵权赔偿的关系形成了四种规范模式,我国现行法确立了以取代救济模式为主,有条件地辅以双重救济的模式。通过对四种救济模式比较,惟补充救济模式既分散了企业风险,又避免了受害人获得双重利益,真正符合工伤保险制度建立的目的,能充分发挥工伤保险的作用,所以,我国应确立工伤保险赔偿的补充救济模式。     

Time-dependent Appearances of Myofibroblasts during the Re-pair of Contused Skeletal Muscle in Rat and Its Application for Wound Age Determination

Objective To research the relation between the time-dependent appearances of myofibroblasts during the repair of contused skeletal muscle in rat and wound age determination. Methods A total of 35 SD male rats were divided into the control and six injured groups according to wound age as follows: 12 h, 1 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after injury. The appearances of myofibroblasts were detected by HE staining, immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Masson’s trichrome staining was utilized to examine collagen accumulation in the contused areas. Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that α-SMA+myofibroblasts were initially observed at 5 d post-injury. The average ratio of myofibroblasts was highest at 14 d post-injury, with all samples, ratios more than 50%. In the other five groups, the average of α-SMA positive ratios were less than 50%. The collagen stained areas in the contused zones, concomitant with myofibroblast appearance, were increasingly augmented along with advances of posttraumatic interval. Conclusion The immunohistochemical detection of myofibroblasts can be applied to wound age determination. The myofibroblasts might be involved in collagen deposition during the repair of contused skeletal muscle in rat.