解决我国商标权与商号权冲突问题的法律对策

商标权与商号权之间所引起的冲突纠纷,已成为当今知识产权保护的焦点和难点问题.本文试图通过对商标权与商号权的含义、种类的分析,得出在我国产生这两个权利冲突的主要原因,并针对现有立法中的不足,提出了一些解决商标权与商号权冲突的应对之策.     

驰名商标淡化及反淡化保护

驰名商标享有很高的信誉度和知名度,世界各国都通过各种措施对本国的驰名商标进行特别保护。驰名商标淡化是一种严重侵犯驰名商标权的行为,往往会危及驰名商标所有权人的商业信誉,从而最终侵害消费者的利益。驰名商标淡化在实践中主要有三种表现形式:弱化、丑化、退化。应通过多种方法完善我国的驰名商标反淡化保护制度。     

Deaths associated with electric shock injuries in children and adults: A 10-year retrospective examination in Şanlıurfa,Southeast Turkey (2012–2022)

Electric shock injuries (EIs) have high rates of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The aim of this study was to examine autopsy cases resulting from EIs and to compare pediatric and adult groups with respect to sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, location of the incident, electricity entry–exit wound characteristics, current direction, pathological effects of the electric shocks on the body, and cause of death. A total of 8075 autopsies conducted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Şanliurfa is a city in the southeast of Turkey with the highest birth rate in the country. Of 123 cases of death resulting from EIs in Şanliurfa, 58 (47.2%) were children (age < 18 years). In the majority of children (81%), a low-voltage injury resulted from a domestic appliance while the children were playing at home in a rural area. In the vast majority of adults, a high-voltage injury (HVI) resulted from a workplace accident due to working with HVI materials in an area outside the home. The manner of death was accidental in all the electric shock injuries. The electricity entry and exit wounds formed as a result of EIs had similar characteristics in both children and adults, with no significant difference identified. In the province of Şanliurfa, Turkey, which borders Syria and where the main occupation is agricultural activities, there is a need to increase electrical safety precautions within the home, educate parents, and increase electrical safety conditions and worker education in the workplace.     

地理标志保护立法探论

由于国情的不同,各国的地理标志保护模式存在较大的差异,分别有专门法保护、商标法保护、专门法和商标法协调保护和反不正当竞争法保护四种。结合地理标志权属性质和我国国情,我国应采取商标法和专门法协调保护的立法模式,还应辅之以其他相关法律、特别是反不正当竞争法的保护。目前应注意提高地理标志保护立法层次以及处理地理标志商标权和原产地名称权的冲突问题。     

情节记忆的独特性对ERP测谎研究的启发

犯罪事件相关脑电位（fERP）测试（又称ERP测谎）作为一项犯罪记忆检测技术,与记忆研究的发展密切相关。记忆研究表明：左前额叶的激活主要与语义记忆的提取有关,而右前额叶的激活主要与情节记忆的提取有关。脑电地形图（BEAM）作为fERP测试指标在实践中具有可行性。ERP成分与BEAM的综合分析将在一定程度上降低测试结果的假阳性率,可以提高测试的准确性。     

硅胶仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹特征研究

目的研究硅胶仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹特征与真实指纹印泥痕迹特征的差异,为鉴定硅胶仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹提供依据。方法首先利用液态硅胶制作仿生指纹膜,然后用仿生指纹膜和手指在相同情况下蘸取印泥,分别以轻、中、重3种力度在A4纸上垂直按压形成印泥指印,并对其拍照提取,比较仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹与真实指纹印泥痕迹的特征差异。结果仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹多见“空白”“断裂”,边缘部分不规则、凹凸不平,小犁沟宽窄程度随力度变化明显,细节特征反映不清楚;真实指纹印泥痕迹自然、纹线较连贯。结论仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹特征与真实指纹印泥痕迹特征之间存在差异,根据两者之间的特征差异可以帮助鉴别仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹。     

Infection Risk From Conducted Electrical Weapon Probes: What Do We Know?

Concern has been raised over the infection risk of the TASER electrical weapon since the probes penetrate the skin. The manufacturing process produces unsterilized probes with a 5% rate of Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Voluntary recipients (n = 208) of probe exposures were surveyed and there were no self‐observations of infection. With over 3.3 million probe landings, there have been 10 case reports of penetrations of sensitive tissue with no reported infections. The electrical field was modeled and found that the electrical pulses generate a field of over 1200 V/mm on the dart portion. This is sufficient to sterilize the dart via electroporation. Electrical weapon probes appear to have a very low (possibly zero) rate of infection. The factors leading to this low infection rate appear to be a manufacturing process producing a low rate of bacterial contamination and the pulses sterilizing the dart via electroporation.     

Long‐term Geophysical Monitoring of Simulated Clandestine Graves using Electrical and Ground Penetrating Radar Methods: 4–6 Years After Burial

This ongoing monitoring study provides forensic search teams with systematic geophysical data over simulated clandestine graves for comparison to active cases. Simulated “wrapped,” “naked,” and “control” burials were created. Multiple geophysical surveys were collected over 6 years, here showing data from 4 to 6 years after burial. Electrical resistivity (twin electrode and ERI), multifrequency GPR, grave and background soil water were collected. Resistivity surveys revealed that the naked burial had low‐resistivity anomalies up to year four but then difficult to image, whereas the wrapped burial had consistent large high‐resistivity anomalies. GPR 110‐ to 900‐MHz frequency surveys showed that the wrapped burial could be detected throughout, but the naked burial was either not detectable or poorly resolved. 225‐MHz frequency GPR data were optimal. Soil water analyses showed decreasing (years 4 to 5) to background (year 6) conductivity values. Results suggest both resistivity and GPR surveying if burial style unknown, with winter to spring surveys optimal and increasingly important as time increases.     

仙茅苷对电刺激应激小鼠神经精神活动的影响

目的 探讨仙茅苷对电刺激应激小鼠记忆、抑郁、焦虑样行为的影响。方法 采用电刺激前和电刺激后两个时间点给药,通过恐惧记忆测试、强迫游泳及旷场实验,观察仙茅苷（每日20 mg/kg,腹腔注射,7 d）对电刺激应激小鼠恐惧记忆、抑郁及焦虑等神经活动的影响。结果 与对照组小鼠比较,电刺激前给药不影响小鼠在受到电击24 h及48 h后的凝滞时间;而电刺激后给药的小鼠在给药结束后再次测得的凝滞时间较对照组显著提高（P<0.05）。在电刺激后给药的实验中,仙茅苷能显著缩短小鼠不动时间（P<0.05）;电刺激前给药组亦有相同趋势,但差异并无统计学意义（P>0.05）。电刺激前后给药均不影响小鼠在中央格停留时间比（P>0.05）;与对照组比较,药物组电刺激前后给药具有提高小鼠运动总路程的趋势,但差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 仙茅苷具有改善电刺激应激小鼠抑郁的症状及抑制记忆退化的作用。