统战特色应用研究——社会主义学院科研工作理念浅析

科研理念是科研技术人员在通过科研的实践或对科研的理解,逐步形成的对科研认识的价值取向.科学、正确的科研理念是指导科研的精神动力,是科研实践的前提,是形成正确科研方法的必要条件.社院科研理念就是指社院从事统一战线人才教育培训工作的教学科研人员进行科学研究的指导思想和价值取向.社院作为统一战线工作的一个部门,承担着"统一战...     

地方立法中的灵魂——“地方特色”

在＂不抵触、有特色、可操作＂等相关地方立法的基本原则背后,我们发现,地方立法的灵魂无疑就是＂有特色＂,只有充分地了解和掌握国家的发展路线和方针政策,通过自身的经验来弥补中央立法的不足之处,才是地方立法质量提高的一个合理的对策。     

未公开信息的界定——以与内幕信息的比较为视角

为了有针对性地打击证券市场中出现的基金"老鼠仓"行为,《刑法修正案(七)》专门增加了利用未公开信息交易罪,通过与内幕信息的比较分析,界定未公开信息的内涵、特征和范围将有利于司法实践。     

使用Photoshop软件快速测量物证特征

在物证检验工作流中使用Photoshop软件通过物证图像直接进行特征量化测量的实用方法,可完成长度、角度、面积与周长特征测量任务,克服了常规测量手段对于易损易逝物证特征测量的局限以及对于面积、周长特征测量的不足。     

Mighty Morphin’ age progression: how artist,age range,and morphing influences the similarity of forensic age progressions to target individuals

When children go missing, authorities sometimes release age progressed images that are intended to approximate the person's current appearance. The current studies measured the influence of the range between the time when the child went missing and the age portrayed in the age progression on the similarity between the progressions and current images of the targets. Experiment 1 examined whole face images and Experiment 2 examined internal features only. Eight artists were recruited to produce progressions at three age ranges. Also included were averaged (morphed) images made of progressions of the same individual at a given range by different artists. Progressions across shorter ranges produced images more similar than those across longer ranges, and target comparisons yielded higher similarity ratings than foil comparisons. Although there was much variability among artists, the morphed images performed better than the average rating given to all age progressions.     

Forensic Facial Comparison: Issues of Admissibility in the Development of Novel Analytical Technique

Much contemporary debate in forensic science concerns validity and admissibility of scientific evidence in court. In this paper, three current approaches to facial identification—image superimposition, photogrammetry, and morphological analysis—are considered with regard to criteria for scientific evidence in the United States, and England, and Wales. The aim of the paper is to assess the extent to which facial image comparison meets criteria of admissibility in these jurisdictions. The method used is a comparative evaluation of the methods of facial image comparison and their underlying premises against the range of admissibility criteria reported in court rulings and relevant judicial and scientific inquiries in the United States and the United Kingdom. While the techniques of facial image comparison are generally accepted within their practitioner communities, they are not tested, and their error rates are unknown. On that basis, the methods of facial image comparison would appear not to meet the anticipated standards. They are, nevertheless, admitted in court in the United States, and England, and Wales. This paper concludes that further research in science and law will be necessary to more definitively establish admissibility of facial image comparison evidence, as it will for other nascent and novel methods that are potentially influential in court proceedings.     

Pronasale Position: An Appraisal of Two Recently Proposed Methods for Predicting Nasal Projection in Facial Reconstruction

This study examines two recently proposed methods for predicting nose projection from the skull, those developed by Stephan et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 122, 2003, 240) and Rynn et al. (Forensic Sci Med Pathol 6, 2010, 20). A sample of 86 lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from Central Europe was measured, and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. Regarding nose projection (the anterior and vertical position of the pronasale), in general, the method of Rynn et al. (Forensic Sci Med Pathol 6, 2010, 20) was found to perform better and with less error variance than the method of Stephan et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 122, 2003, 240), but the mean difference between the actual and predicted values did not exceed 2.2 mm (6.5% of the actual dimension) in most of the variables tested. The vertical dimensions of the nose were predictable with greater accuracy than the horizontal dimensions. Although the mean error of both methods is not great in practice and thus both methods could be considered to be “accurate,” the real variance of error should not be overlooked.     

低水平书写人抄写笔迹特征变化规律的实验研究

抄写笔迹是典型的"非自述"型笔迹——即书写人按照他人笔迹抄写形成的笔迹。在当前笔迹鉴定的实际工作中,经常会遇到平时样本收集困难的情况,那么收集案后样本乃至试验样本就显得尤为重要。在这种条件下,抄写笔迹易收集、数量充足等优点就值得我们去深入研究并利用。另外,考虑书写水平较低的书写人字迹稳定性较差,抄写的程度较大,在实际办案中也更易搜集研究样本,故本文笔者收集了50个书写水平较低的人的样本,对书写水平较低的书写人抄写笔迹的特征进行分析总结。     

利用激光、光敏印章机伪造印章印文的鉴定

利用激光刻章机雕刻、光敏印章机制印伪造印章印文是近年来出现的一种新的、仿真程度较高的伪造印章印文的方法。鉴定实践表明,这类伪造印章印文趋于专业化、技术化,且伪造的印章印文与真实印章印文的相似度较高。依据传统的鉴定依据和方法难以鉴别真伪,因此从该类伪造方法对其特点和鉴定依据、方法要点进行研究,尤其是对伪造形成方式及特点的研究,有助于科学的鉴定其真伪。     

杜甫陇右边塞诗的主题与艺术特色

杜甫寓居陇右期间,创作了数量可观的边塞诗,其诗歌主题与艺术特征与盛唐边塞诗迥异。其以抒发厌战情绪、期望和平的心声、感世伤怀为主题,用陇右秋天的个体玲珑意象入诗,体现着凄楚悲愁、平实悲凉以及人性的细腻、真实美的美学品格。