自愿型虚假供述成因的多角度解读

在刑讯逼供备受关注背景下,虚假的认罪供述往往被认为是警察审讯压力的结果。在趋利避害的本能下,人们忽视了实践中长期存在的无辜者自愿进行的虚假有罪供述,往往将其当成真实认罪供述。自愿型虚假供述具有的主动性、隐蔽性等特点给刑事司法带来危害。影响自愿型虚假供述的因素包括现实功利性因素、心理因素、人格与环境因素、精神病理因素等多方面,这些因素又具有传统文化中重亲情轻法律的消极思想、工具理性泛滥以及心理需求膨胀等文化、心理基础。     

Rape myth in true and false rape allegations

Abstract

Police records of 38 rape allegations, evenly split into maintained-as-true and withdrawn-as-false categories were compared with 19 generated-false statements from recruited participants. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMAS) was used to assess the attitudes of the participants and a content analysis derived from IRMAS was used to compare the three categories of allegation. Rape myths were present in all three allegation types. The two categories of false allegation both contained more rape myths than the true allegations but no differences were found between the generated and withdrawn false allegations. High scorers in IRMAS also produced more violent false accounts. In addition to these findings, this study provides support for the further examination of rape myths in both false and true statements and use of generated allegations as proxies for real false statements.     

刑事认证如何进行——以认知心理学为研究进路

了解认证的形成过程是完善认证制度的基础。认知心理学认为,认证的过程就是一个问题解决的过程。由于如何正确认证属于非明确限定性问题,具有模糊性,因此需更多地依靠启发式策略来解决,认证结论受到多种因素的影响,认证标准是内心确信。     

虚开发票犯罪赃款追缴问题新思考

虚开发票犯罪案件赃款追缴工作不仅是挽回经济损失的主要渠道,也是打击该类犯罪的重要手段。长期以来,虚开发票犯罪赃款的追缴工作取得了巨大的成效,但是还存在诸多问题。我们应该转换角度,重新思考,以受票方为主要追缴对象、以票款为主要追缴范围、以公安机关为主导的追缴方式,谋求新的追缴模式．实现追缴行为的价值。     

讯问中虚假供述的心理分析及识别

犯罪嫌疑人的供词在解决刑事案件中起着非常重要的作用,本文通过分析犯罪嫌疑人的虚假供述的心理原因和心理过程,结合回顾前人研究,发现有五条线索得到许多研究的支持,其为:1.较少有自我参照代词;2.过分概括的词语;3.避免直接回答;4.较少具体提到人、地点和时间;5.通常含有较多的不相关信息或多余细节。     

试析非法证据排除规定

很多冤假错案都是刑讯逼供、暴力取证造成的,为制止冤案频发,提高审判质量,"两院三部"共同出台了《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》(简称非法证据排除规定),它强调了采用刑讯逼供等非法手段取得的言词证据,不能作为定案的根据,完成了我国刑事诉讼理念从单纯的"反对刑讯逼供",到明确"非法证据排除"转变,但是该规定在执行时还将面临一定的困惑。     

Characteristics of false allegation adult crimes

The purpose of this study was to identify common factors in false allegation adult crimes, by examining the dynamics involved in 30 confirmed false allegation cases. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of these adjudicated cases and then completed a collection instrument to capture offender demographics, offense characteristics, and motive. The results indicated that most false allegation crimes were committed by women (73.3%) and Caucasians (93.3%). Data indicated that more interpersonally violent allegations were primarily motivated by attention/sympathy needs (50.0%), whereas more impersonal offenses involved other motivations such as providing an alibi (16.7%) or profit (13.3%). Offenders tended to be younger, high school graduates with no higher education (43.3%). A total of 23.3% of offenders had a prior criminal history. Male offenders appeared as likely as women to be motivated by attention/sympathy; however, men tended to select more violent, nonsexual offenses (e.g., attempted murder) than women.     

论科技新闻报道失实的法律规制

伴随着科学技术的不断进步,科技新闻受到了越来越多的关注。然而与此同时,一些失实的科技报道却屡屡出现在人们的视线中,误导受众,对社会造成了极大的负面影响。本文对这一现象产生的原因进行了深入的分析和探讨,并提出了不仅科技新闻从业人员应该积极提高科学意识和社会责任感,而且更重要的是在法律规制方面,有关部门也应大力加强对新闻监管体系的建设与规范,以期在最大限度上减少和避免此类新闻报道失实的频繁发生。     

虚假会计原始凭证的司法识别

经济犯罪与传统的刑事犯罪不同，一般没有犯罪现场可供勘查，其经济犯罪行为往往隐藏在大堆的财务会计资料中，而虚假原始凭证是会计信息失真的源头，是滋生各类经济犯罪的温床。因此，从大量的财务会计资料中识别虚假记账凭证，对案件的顺利侦破起着十分重要的作用。     

论虚假信息诈骗犯罪的防控

虚假信息诈骗犯罪是一种新型犯罪。这种犯罪具有侵犯对象广泛、连续犯罪、手法带有一定的智能性，且不断翻新、犯罪成本低、有一定的组织性等特点。要有效地防控此类犯罪，必须从基础建设、技术防范、规范行业行为、宣传教育等多角度、多层面着力，规范社会管理，提高社会控制能力，构建防控体系。