数字手写笔迹的特点及其检验研究

无纸化办公已成为互联网时代最重要的办公模式之一，数字手写技术凭借其快速便捷、保留原笔迹进行线上批阅、签发文件的特性，迅速为各类用户所接受，数字手写笔迹也将越来越多地出现在案件纠纷中。由于数字手写技术所需的书写工具和书写承载物与传统笔迹全然不同，导致数字手写笔迹产生了许多特征变异，传统笔迹检验方法已很难适应这种新型笔迹，然而关于数字手写笔迹的研究，国内外尚属空白。通过详细总结、分析数字手写笔迹的特征，得出数字手写笔迹种属认定和同一认定的检验办法，并对数字手写笔迹的检验规则之完善提出合理化建议。     

书写方向对笔顺和笔径的影响

以反犬旁、山字为目标字,收集了1178份有效笔迹样本,其中反犬旁常见笔顺样本954份,当用常见笔顺书写反犬旁时,第一个撇笔有正反2种笔径,分性别检验山字笔顺与反犬旁第一撇的笔径的相关性,用似然比测定其相关程度。字的书写方向因子可以解释山字笔顺与反犬旁笔顺、笔径相关的结果,研究结果支持了书写能力结构的因子假说。     

Forensic identification science evidence since Daubert: Part I--A quantitative analysis of the exclusion of forensic identification science evidence

The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Kumho Tire Co. Ltd. v. Carmichael transformed the way scientific expert evidence was reviewed in courts across the United States. To gauge the impact of these rulings on the admission of forensic identification evidence, the authors analyzed 548 judicial opinions from cases where admission of such evidence was challenged. Eighty-one cases (15%) involved exclusion or limitation of identification evidence, with 50 (65.7%) of these failing to meet the "reliability" threshold. This was largely because of a failure to demonstrate a sufficient scientific foundation for either the technique (27 cases) or the expert's conclusions (17 cases). The incidence of exclusion/limitation because of a lack of demonstrable reliability suggests that there is a continuing need for the forensic sciences to pursue research validating their underlying theories and techniques of identification to ensure their continued acceptance by the courts.     

光谱成像检验同种同色涂抹掩盖字迹研究

目的建立一种无损、灵敏、直观的同种同色涂抹掩盖字迹的显现方法。方法依据涂抹掩盖字迹油墨物质的同色异谱特征,利用可见光滤波型多光谱成像检验系统进行检验。结果黑色圆珠笔、蓝色圆珠笔、黑色签字笔和蓝色签字笔相互涂抹掩盖形成的同种同色涂抹掩盖样本,利用可见光滤波型多光谱成像检验系统进行检验,显效率分别为90.5%、69.1%、49.5%、78.6%,显现效果良好。结论多光谱成像技术可以显现同种同色涂抹掩盖字迹,且具有良好的显现效果。     

笔迹鉴定相关理论问题的考量

理论来源于实践,实践需要理论加以指导。笔迹鉴定的内涵问题、所解决的＂同一＂问题、科学依据问题和鉴定结论的科学表述等均属笔迹鉴定的理论研究范畴,深入研究这些理论问题,对提高笔迹鉴定质量,保证笔迹鉴定结论科学可靠性与可信性的高度统一有着十分重要的意义。     

签名笔迹的新特点及检验对策

签名笔迹的字迹一贯具有数量少、检验难度大的特点。近年来,签名检验案件增多,出现了摹仿水平高、伪装意识强、平时样本收集难等新的特点。为了提高签名笔迹检验的准确性,应当拓展样本收集权限,提高检验技术水平,实行鉴定结论分级制。     

Relative Width and Height of Handwritten Letter

This is an exploratory study that analyzes the width and the height of letters in two texts written by each of the 21 writers analyzed. After detrending the linear, text, and allograph trends, we proceeded to comparing the sizes obtained in different texts. The different detrended series were compared by means of correlation and t‐test. According to the results regarding the width of letters, the texts of 19 of 21 writers correlated strongly, whereas the texts of two writers did not correlate with the limits of the threshold. With regard to the height of letters, texts written by between 18 and 21 writers of 21 writers correlated strongly, whereas texts that did not correlate were within the threshold value. Regarding both the width and the height of letters, of 21 writers, texts written by between 19 and 21 individuals were found to correlate strongly.     

论模糊相似方法与笔迹判断

以模糊数学中的模糊优势比为依据,通过程序设计,对样本材料进行科学的选择,为认定嫌疑人提供科学依据.     

论文字检验中非本质性差异点

在文字鉴定工作中，非本质性差异点不同程度地存在着。这种差异点形成的原因是多方面的，其中包括：客观书写条件影响；故意伪装；书写习惯在自身的发展演变等，在文字鉴定中正确认识这些差异点并认真分析其产生的原因，才能作出正确的结论。     

谈鉴定工作中笔迹特征的全面运用

当前,笔迹鉴定工作出现了字数少、案情复杂,案件数量多、摹仿伪造篡改居多、检验难度增大等特点。在笔迹鉴定工作中分析运用笔迹特征时应充分把握摹仿笔迹的特点,详细了解嫌疑人和笔迹样本的情况,全面运用笔迹特征,防止以偏概全,以提高鉴定质量。