警察权力制约的若干“瓶颈”分析

以司法权控制警察权 ,加强对警察权力的监督 ,本是法治社会下对警察权的行政本质深刻认识的结果。但在处于社会转型期、“稳定压倒一切”的当代中国 ,司法权控制警察权的发展却面临着诸多“瓶颈” :司法权控制警察权与社会学、管理学、司法机关的工作实践和法治社会的必备条件以及当代中国国情等宏观因素存在着冲突之处 ,这些冲突之处又反过来阻碍着司法权控制警察权的进一步推行。     

论警检关系的基本特征与发展趋势

尽管世界上几个主要国家的警检关系存在三大模式的分野,但各国警察机关和检察机关之间既存在形式上的分工关系,又具有实质上的合作关系,只不过三大模式的侧重点有所不同而已。大致说来,英美模式的侧重点在审判程序,而大陆模式、中俄模式的侧重点在审前程序。但从一些国家近年来的司法改革看,三大模式在相互吸收的基础上,警检关系开始出现紧密化的发展趋势。     

刑事被害人国家补偿制度初探

国家补偿制度是国家对被害人合法权益的一种司法保护措施,它不仅体现了国家抚慰被害人的人性化治国理念,也表明了国家自愿承担国家义务的负责态度。国家补偿制度确立的理论主要有三种学说:国家责任说、社会福利说和社会保险说。各国的国家补偿制度因受不同理论思想的影响存在较大差异。从各国的具体制度设置来看,构建国家补偿制度的基本原则主要有:及时补偿原则、优先保护原则和就低不就高原则。确立国家补偿制度应当具备以下几个方面的要件:第一,适用补偿的对象。第二, 申请补偿的条件。第三,补偿审议的机关。第四,补偿范围、金额及方式、补偿程序等。笔者认为,从现在经济层面、认识层面、制度层面等诸方面看,在我国确立被害人国家补偿制度的时机已基本成熟。     

黑社会性质组织犯罪的司法认定

准确认定黑社会性质组织犯罪,对打击黑社会性质组织犯罪具有重要意义。对黑社会性质组织罪的认定,要坚持理论与实践相结合。文章依据刑法及相关的司法、立法解释,指出了黑社会性质组织犯罪的基本特征,即组织的严密性、非法经济的目的性、犯罪手段的暴力性和严重的危害性。     

依法行政下的行政许可--以自由裁量权为视角

行政行为的自由裁量权不可忽视或否认,科学的态度是考虑如何将自由裁量权控制在合理范围内.行政许可存在自由裁量权,但应比其他行政行为得到更为严格的控制.而在事前、事中、事后相结合的法律机制中,程序控制更应受到重视.     

国际商事仲裁协议的司法审查——对并入提单中的仲裁条款的司法审查

对国际商事仲裁协议的司法审查是确定仲裁条款有效性的重要途径.其中对并入提单中的仲裁条款的司法审查是最为常见的.航次租船合同的仲裁条款并入提单,随着提单的转让,在承运人和非租约当事人的提单持有人之间的效力问题,在相关法律和司法实践中比较混乱.仲裁条款能否并入提单,并入的仲裁条款是否约束提单持有人等都要通过法院的司法审查解决.     

中国语境中学生权利救济机制的构建

基于高等学校与学生关系的法律性质以及大学自治与司法审查的关系,高校管理关系包括招生管理、学籍管理、校内公共设施管理和校园秩序和安全管理所形成的关系。在中国语境下的大学自治制度框架内,应当建构以司法权为核心的学生个体权利救济机制。     

Police professionalism and cynicism reconsidered: An assessment of measurement issues

A hierarchical logistic model is used to analyze data on Three Strikes-eligible offenders in California and the counties in which they are sentenced. The analysis finds that discretion is widely exercised by elected prosecutors and judges in the administration of Three Strikes. Discretion functions as a “safety valve” and preserves some sentencing proportionality, but may also allow political concerns to influence sentencing decisions. A more conservative political environment is strongly associated with stricter application of the law. Consistent with racial threat theory, eligible felons are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences in counties with larger Latino populations. However, the size of the black population has no significant effect. Higher unemployment rates are associated with more stringent application of the law. Prosecutorial and judicial discretion benefits offenders unequally. Controlling for legally relevant factors, black offenders are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences, while younger ones are less likely.     

论德国行政诉讼中司法权的边界

德国行政诉讼中法院的受案范围几乎不受限制。行政法院对行政案件有完全的管辖权,可以主动、全面、深入地审查事实问题与法律问题,一般无须尊重行政机关在事实判断方面的专业知识与经验。不过,自上个世纪70年代以来,由于行政判断余地等理论的发展,行政法院对行政主体进行强势监督与制约的格局有所松动。另外,行政法院在判决与执行中恪守权力分立原则。德国行政诉讼中这一权力边界格局的形成,是与其宪政体制、法院分工、法定法官原则、二战后对公民权利的重视以及发达的公法理论等紧密相关的。     

Intervention Theatre: performance,authenticity and expert knowledge in politicians’ travel to post-/conflict spaces

ABSTRACT

This article explores the role of official travel activities by politicians to post-/conflict spaces in German foreign policymaking. Starting from the observation that official travel justifications stress the value of authentic insights and unfiltered information, while journeys in practice are meticulously planned and staged, it asks what kind of knowing is possible, how actors make sense of the staged nature of field trips, and how multiple performances create and/or undermine notions of authenticity and first-hand expertise. The article shows that official on-site visits are composed of multiple conscious performances by all actors involved, but that these performances do not undermine the notions of authenticity and expertise. On the contrary, knowledge authenticity—or truth claims on the basis of authentic insights—and related expert authority are produced through travel-as-performance. The emphasis policymakers put on on-site presence and (the performance of) localized knowledge contradicts intervention literature’s generalized finding of a prioritization of technocratic over localized knowledge. The article draws on politics and performance scholarship and authenticity theories in tourism studies to make sense of a wealth of empirical material on the claims, practice and functions of German MPs’ journeys to post-/conflict spaces as part of broader political struggles over policy knowledge.