Managing visibility and differentiating in recruitment of women as leaders in the armed forces

Recruitment is one of the Swedish Armed Forces’ (SAF) main challenges today. Recruiting more women into the organization is one of the organization’s aims, as well as providing them with more opportunities for career development. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of how female military officers perceive barriers and advantages on their way to higher leadership positions. A total of 10 women from a variety of backgrounds and positions in the armed forces were interviewed. Their ranks ranged from Captain to Colonel and they represented army, naval units and air force. The interviews were analysed using a Grounded Theory approach. The qualitative analysis resulted in two main themes: Supporting visibility of women as leaders and differentiation of women as leaders. The former concerns positive strategies on an individual and organizational level that support an increase in the number of female leaders in the SAF, and is a way of responding to political incitements and the SAF’s fundamental values. The second concerns ways how women are portrayed as different and divergent from the male standard. The suggested model may be valuable in recruitment, educational settings and leader development of high-level military officers from a gender perspective.     

Discipline and power: knowledge of China in political science

Mainstream political science treats China as an anomaly that has not followed the “right” path of development, that is, a path that confirms the worldview, normative values, knowledge, and expectations of a Euromodern origin. This essay identifies inherent biases in the discipline and shows how the dominant disciplinary approach to Chinese politics has largely remained focused on validating questionable political-scientific tenets. A tentative proposal is offered for intellectual steps toward more openness and efficacy in disciplinary knowledge production and consumption. The argument is not about overcoming Eurocentrism by promoting Chinese exceptionalism. On the contrary, it is political, and challenges the power of current organizing principles of knowledge in search of a more accurate and cogent understanding of Chinese and global politics.     

Risk Avoidance Strategies After Sexual Assault: A Dyadic Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers

Interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal support provider (friend, family, significant other) were used to explore survivor-support provider perspectives on self-protective behaviors survivors and those close to them take to protect themselves from future assaults. Strategies for reducing risk taken by survivors included behavioral changes, security measures, self-defense strategies, avoiding alcohol or drugs, and protecting others. Support providers play critical roles by encouraging survivors to pursue risk avoidance strategies, and employing these strategies themselves. Counseling and prevention implications are drawn in the context of risks facing survivors trying to avoid further sexual victimization.     

Where you lead we will follow: a longitudinal study of strategic political communication in election campaigning

The ways in which election campaigns are planned, organized, and conducted have changed considerably during recent decades, and political parties constantly employ new ideas and practices in order to communicate as strategically and effectively as possible. The concept of strategic political communication refers to an organization's purposeful management of information and communication to achieve certain political goals. In this article, we focus on the role of the individual political party in developing election campaigning. The empirical material covers the 2002, 2006, and 2010 Swedish national election campaigns and illustrates how political parties lead and follow each other in the development of strategic political communication. By exploring party agency, this article contributes to the understanding of how ideas and practices of strategic political communication emerge and develop over time in election campaigning.     

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Institutional Arrangements in Municipal Solid Waste Services in Korea

In Korea, local governments are primarily responsible for providing municipal solid waste services to citizens. This paper examines the effects of different institutional arrangements and characteristics on cost savings, efficiency gains and productivity in the delivery of municipal solid waste services to citizens. In order to carry out this research, a hybrid cost function approach was employed, and cross-sectional time-series data from local governments of Korea covering a ten-year period (2000–2009) were used for empirical analysis. Empirical findings indicated that there were no effects of contracting-out on cost savings, efficiency and productivity gains in Korea. Specifically, the solid waste service costs were not significantly lower under contracting-out than under direct public delivery. In addition, contrary to the arguments of the proponents of privatization or contracting-out, efficiency and productivity gains were actually higher under direct public delivery than when contracted out.     

青壮年猝死综合征心肌肌红蛋白缺失的免疫组化研究

作者应用免疫组比技术（ＡＢＣ）对青壮年淬死综合征及对照组病例的心肌肌红：蛋白缺失情况进行了研究，并经扫描显微镜光度计测量分析，结果发现青壮年猝死综合征组心肌肉肌红蛋白均有不同程度的缺失，多数病例呈多发、散在、节段性分布，而对照组无明显缺失。认为这种多发、散在、节段性的肌红蛋白缺失与其仅有不同程度的心肌缺血而未出现大片心肌梗死有关，而这种不同程度的心肌缺血很可能为冠状动脉痉挛所致。     

浅析思想政治教育方法创新的基本思路

寻找和把握恰当的切入点 ,是创新思想政治教育方法至关重要的方面。实现教育方法的创新要从转变教育者的思维方式、调整教育者对待教育对象的态度、开发形式多样的教育活动、挖掘和利用有效的教育手段、形成高效的新工作渠道网络、提高教育者工作艺术性几方面入手。     

创建“警察临战学”的若干思考

创建警察临战学是警务实践、公安队伍建设、公安学理论繁荣的需要。警察临战，是指公安机关及其人民警察为了维护国家安全和社会治安秩序，对那些具有突发性、对抗性、危难性的各类案(事)件的临场战斗和紧急处置；警察临战学的研究对象是警察临战处置活动及其规律性；警察临战学是公安学的分支学科，是一门应用性学科；警察临战学的理论体系应包括基础理论、应用理论、技术理论、史学理论等内容。     

教学手段散谈

课堂教学是为师者“传道、授业、解惑”的中心环节 ,教学手段则是实施这一环节的重要桥梁。实践证明 ,采用科学合理的教学手段 ,往往能取得事半功倍的效果。反之 ,却难以取得令人满意的教学效果。     

浅谈英语学习方法

富有成效的英语学习,必须集听、说、读、写、译五方面的大量实践为一体。只有不间断地进行听说训练,并大胆开口讲英语,同时把握正确的阅读技巧,进行大量的练习,才能很好地形成用英语思维进行交流与写作的习惯,从而达到提高英语学习效果的目的。