刑事和解负面问题探因——以其理论渊源为视角

刑事和解的负面问题并非仅仅是由制度局限所引起的,其理论渊源上存在的消极因素一直影响着刑事和解的实践运行和最终完善.平衡理论、叙说理论和恢复正义理论令刑事和解在刑法基本原则、刑法目的实现、司法效益提高、民众普遍认同等问题上出现的劣势不容忽视.继续深化和拓展刑事和解的理论渊源应当是刑事和解完善的重要组成部分.     

Women Experience and Narrative Genre —— Gladys Reichard＇s Navajo Research

叙述型的民族志表述表明研究者田野工作中主观、感性的经历可作为一种权威性并以一种复调的方式补充我们对对象全面的认识。理解女性经验,就需要对叙述中的性别进行解码,性别对阅读及解释赋予一定色彩,对性别的解读可以更好地分析女性在社会及历史中的地位及认同。     

女性经验与民族志叙述型话语——以格莱蒂斯·理查德的纳瓦霍研究为例

叙述型的民族志表述表明研究者田野工作中主观、感性的经历可作为一种权威性并以一种复调的方式补充我们对对象全面的认识。理解女性经验,就需要对叙述中的性别进行解码,性别对阅读及解释赋予一定色彩,对性别的解读可以更好地分析女性在社会及历史中的地位及认同。     

An Information Model to Present Proposals to Increase Taxes: Two Examples in the Context of American Values

This article offers an information model for educating the public on the rationale for a tax increase. It argues that citizens exposed to two types of information—a need narrative and an anchor value—are more willing to support a tax increase. The applicability of the model is illustrated with two examples in which the model was used to structure the presentation of information. In both situations, exposure to the specific types of information suggested by the model is associated with support for a tax increase. The conclusion relates the model to the findings of previous research on the attributes of successful referenda campaigns for tax increases.     

South African soap opera as the other: The deconstruction of hegemonic gender identities in four South African soap operas

Abstract

This article examines the potential role of soap opera narratives in the construction (or deconstruction) of identities within the South African context. The narratives of four South African soap operas (Egoli – place of gold, Isidingo – the need, Generations and 7de Laan) are analysed. Although identities of race and class are also relevant in soap opera narrative, this article focuses on gender identities. It is argued that soap opera may be constituted as other, and that it might therefore be a possible site for the deconstruction of hegemonic identities. Brief reference is made to Edward Said and the origin of the term ‘Orientalism’. This is linked firstly to the concept of the other, and more precisely the concept of ‘women as other’ as theorised initially by Simone de Beauvoir, but more specific to this article, Luce Irigaray. The second section argues that soap opera may be gendered as feminine and female and consequently marked as other for various reasons. The final section accepts the hypothesis of soap opera as feminine and female, and thus other, and attempts to analyse the relevant soap operas in terms of the negotiating or deconstructing of gender identities and the consequent social relevance of these texts.     

Gender,Development and Security in Yemen’s Transition Process

ABSTRACT

How policies at international level approach the gender dimension becomes salient, even urgent, for women whose countries are immersed in war and conflict, and who without effective governance at more local levels, rely entirely on these policies. The way Yemen is presented in the documents and media reports from selected members of the ‘Friends of Yemen’ donor group is in this study discussed in light of a range of narratives identified by Stern and Öjendal (2010) 2005; Cockburn 2007; Henry 2007; Shepherd 2008), ‘gender’ seems to be relevant to international and put into a feminist security perspective. The further aim is to reflect on the inter-linkages of gender, security and development at the level of donor motivations for aid, given on the one hand the recent prominence of the security agenda in the policy discourses of international interventions, and on the other the international attention to women’s contribution to development in Yemen. I ask if a gender dimension is highlighted, subsumed, or absent. Despite feminist analyses of security as deeply gendered (e.g. Tickner 1992) ‘gender’ seems to be relevant in international security policies by implication only: Since it is necessary to include and consider gender in development processes, gender is relevant for the security-development nexus. This is how ‘gender’ feeds smoothly into existing policy discourses which claim that development is dependent on security in the country that needs to develop and vice versa; its security is dependent on development.     

Promoting Critical Consciousness in Young,African-American Men

SUMMARY

In the U.S. as young African-American men in urban areas mature, they face oppressive social forces as well as the normative developmental challenges of adolescence. Nonetheless, much of psychology focuses on personal rather than sociopolitical development. As a basis for interventions aimed at sociopolitical awareness and action, this article presents a theory of oppression and sociopolitical development based on the work of Serrano Garcia, Freire and others. According to this theory, critical consciousness (i.e., critical awareness about one's political, social and cultural condition) is an essential skill for sociopolitical development. This article also describes the “Young Warriors” program for building critical consciousness in high school aged young men. The results of this action-research project suggest that critical consciousness can be enhanced through a brief, eight-session intervention with the aid of Rap video, film and other products of mass culture.     

金圣叹的小说叙事角度论再探

以往的研究多侧重于揭示金圣叹的小说叙事角度论与西方叙事学之间的相通之处.其实,两者之间有着很大差异.金氏主张叙事视角在作者与人物之间、不同人物之间变化,以及叙事感觉在听觉和视觉之间转换,其中不存在所谓全知和限知的对立;金氏的叙事角度论追求变化、主观、含蓄等审美效果,不同于西方理论的推崇叙事客观性.     

Voluntary Narrative Disclosures by Local Governments: A Comparative Analysis of the Textual Complexity of Mayoral and Chairpersons' Letters in Annual Reports

Research on local government annual reports has been limited, particularly in relation to report narratives. This study aims to determine whether characteristics of narratives vary between the reports of local governments and listed companies. After considering the nature of the potential report audiences it was predicted that, if writers consider their audience, local government report narratives would be easier to read, less likely to be obfuscated, and use fewer passive sentences than those in corporate reports. The results suggest that mayoral letters exhibit higher reading ease and are less likely to be obfuscated than their corporate counterparts but they are also shorter and contain more passive constructions, making conclusions about readability and understandability ambiguous. This research acquaints readers with important aspects to consider when preparing or evaluating narrative reports.     

社会性别叙事视野下的《稽神录》

由唐至宋,社会性别观念经历了一个由较为自由开放进而渐趋严格化、周密化的社会化过程,《稽神录》体现了这一转折在志怪小说中的叙事影响。等级观念的制度基石、因果观念的叙事逻辑、志怪叙事的传统影响等因素的共同作用,最终导致了《稽神录》社会性别叙事面貌的形成。