Changes in calls for police service with changes in routine activities and the arrival and passage of weather fronts

Proceeding on the assumptions that the day of the week is the best predictor of the levels of calls for police service, that calls for police service emanate from the pursuit of routine activities, and that weather influences routine activities, this paper examines how the expected change in the level of calls for service for a particular day of the week in Chicago is altered with the arrival and passage of weather fronts. Fronts taking 1 day to pass Chicago have a broader effect on the changes in calls across the days of the week than fronts taking 2 days in passage. On the whole, the 2-day fronts significantly alter calls for service during the weekdays but not on the weekend, while 1-day fronts significantly alter calls on both weekdays and weekends. In general, cold fronts decrease calls for service, and warm fronts increase calls for service.     

意匠多重保护评析

意匠多重保护,是指在赋予意匠以外观设计专利权保护的同时,给以著作权、商标权以及反不正当竞争法的保护。中国法和中国判例对意匠多重保护的态度不明朗。基于规范分析以及成本收益分析,可知意匠多重保护是不可欲的。     

论中国的团结权立法及其实施

团结权是市场经济下劳动者最基本的权利,这一权利应该在劳动立法和法律实施中进一步完善。完善中国的团结权立法,应该坚持劳资权利对等的基本法律原则,任何一方不得享有特权。在现有的法律规定下,最突出的问题是如何保障劳动者组织工会的权利,而影响和侵害劳动者团结权的主要问题是雇主介入和控制工会的现象。     

Just punishments: Guideline sentences and normative consensus

The federal sentencing guidelines prescribe ranges of sentences to be given to persons convicted of felonies in the federal criminal courts. The U.S. Sentencing Commission wrote the guidelines attempting to make sentences conform to community views of appropriate punishments, along with several other criteria. Employing data from a 1994 national sample of adult Americans, designed as a factorial survey, the degree of correspondence is shown between guidelines sentences and those desired by the American public. Although at the individual level only a modest degree of concordance was found, the central tendencies of public opinion (median sentences) were found to correspond quite closely to the guidelines sentences. The major points of disagreement centered around drug trafficking crimes: the guidelines prescribed very long sentences for those crimes and distinguished sharply among trafficking in heroin, powder cocaine, and crack, whereas median sentences desired by the public were much lower and did not distinguish sharply among trafficking in those drugs. We interpret the findings as indicating that the guidelines sentences conform reasonably closely to American normative consensus concerning the sentencing of federal felons.The research reported in this article was commissioned by the U.S. Sentencing Commission. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily endorsed by the Commission. Full expositions of the findings from the national survey used are given by Rossi and Berk (1995, 1997).     

不真正不作为犯的结构与罪刑法定原则

不真正不作为犯的结构问题具有特殊性,加之刑事立法的缺失,造成对其处罚的根据不明确,这与刑法的罪刑法定基本原则相悖,引起了过多的争议,文章对不真正不作为犯存在的逻辑结构和规范结构进行了剖析,从而说明对其处罚并不违反刑法的罪刑法定原则。     

社会需求导向下公共管理类本科人才培养目标的再定位——以陕西省高校为例

当前公共管理类本科人才培养模式不能完全适应社会需求的根本原因是培养目标与社会需求脱节。应理清学术型人才与应用创新型人才划分、应用创新型人才层次与高校类型等问题。创新公共管理类本科人才培养模式,必须以需求为导向,对培养目标进行再定位,即从社会需求出发,将当前单一学术的"h"型的培养目标转变为应用创新的"H"型公共管理类本科人才培养目标。并通过对培养规格的再定位,建立与社会需求相适应的应用创新能力结构、知识结构和素质结构,使公共管理类本科人才成为既适应政府部门,又适应非政府部门和企事业组织的应用创新型人才。     

当前我国非法集资活动形势与处置对策分析

2008年金融危机以来,我国非法集资活动日益严重,大案、要案频发,且非法集资活动出现了区域性特征。一些地区和城市出现了几乎全民参与的、传销式的非法集资活动,并引发了多起群体性事件和暴力犯罪案件,严重危及了当地经济秩序和社会稳定。当前非法集资活动呈案件数量逐步增加、新形式和新手段不断涌现、涉案被害人和金额持续增多的特点。全国各地对处置和预防非法集资活动积累了一些经验,这些经验对成功处置非法集资案件以及维护社会稳定具有较大的借鉴意义。     

Gang Membership,Gun Carrying,and Employment: Applying Routine Activities Theory to Explain Violent Victimization Among Inner City,Minority Youth Living in Extreme Poverty∗

Conceptual inconsistencies in routine activities theory are illustrated by demonstrating how gang membership, gun carrying, and employment can be categorized as both risk and protective factors in a high‐poverty context. Two waves of longitudinal data from a high‐poverty sample of African American youth were used to examine the determinants of victimization risk. Bivariate analyses indicated that gang membership, gun carrying, and employment status are significant risk factors for violent victimization, but these effects were mediated by measures of lifestyles (e.g., demographic and family factors, deviant lifestyles) included as controls in the full multivariate model. In other words, the strong positive relationship between gang membership and gun carrying found in previous studies may be due to model misspecification and/or the lack of research on high‐poverty samples of inner city youth from the Deep South. Additional logistic regression analyses also indicate that the number of hours employed per week (but not employment status) is a risk factor for violent victimization. Finally, the theoretical implications of these findings for routine activities theory are discussed.     

新时期山东省扩大对外开放问题研究

改革开放30多年来,山东省始终坚持改革开放不动摇,不断推动对外开放向纵深发展,逐步形成了全方位、宽领域、多层次的对外开放格局,有效推进了山东省国际化进程.新世纪的第二个十年,国内外环境正呈现一系列新变化、新特点,也是山东省建设全面小康社会的关键时期.在新的历史时期,要切实增强对外开放的责任感和紧迫感,更加重视统筹国内发展和对外开放,把对外开放作为经济社会发展全局当中的重点工作加以推进,切实做到以开放促改革、促创新、促发展,实现新时期对外开放的新跨越,促进山东省经济社会平稳较快发展.     

中国反恐立法的形势、问题与对策

面对日趋严峻的恐怖活动威胁,国际社会和世界各国不断地探索通过立法的方式预防和打击恐怖活动.目前,由于我国的反恐立法存在立法格局不科学、缺乏系统性等问题,难以满足预防和打击恐怖活动的需要.为适应我国反恐形势的新变化、推进反恐工作依法开展以及履行我国应尽的反恐国际义务,应当尽快制定一部系统、全面的《反恐怖法》,同时,注重运用政治、经济、外交、法律等手段对社会进行综合治理,以期从根本上消除滋生恐怖活动的根源.