组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪若干问题探讨

组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪的客体是残疾人、儿童的人身权利和社会管理秩序;客观方面包括“暴力、胁迫”行为和组织行为,组织行为的对象和“暴力、胁迫”的对象具有同一性。采用暴力、胁迫方式进行组织的,以及在形成组织控制状态后的过程中对不愿乞讨的残疾人、儿童实施暴力、胁迫的,均构成犯罪,且无需把被组织者限定为3人以上。犯罪主体原则上应包括残疾人、儿童的父母或其他监护人在内。     

有罪判决的证明标准

有罪判决证明标准是我国刑事证据理论研究中争议最大的问题之一。从几种主要的有罪判决证明标准出发,并考察西方两大法系的有罪判决证明标准,应当以借鉴西方两大法系的精华和总结我国有罪判决证明标准的不足为基础,建构我国有罪判决证明标准。我国有罪判决证明标准根据犯罪性质和判决严厉程度可作如下设计:最高标准———“确定无疑”;第二级标准———“最大程度的盖然性”;最低标准———“相当高的盖然性”。     

受贿罪“为他人谋取利益”要件取消论

在我国 ,刑法规定非索取性受贿罪的成立要求有“为他人谋取利益”这一要素 ,而刑法理论上对这一要素在犯罪构成中的地位存在着种种不同的主张 ,文章在对这种种主张进行分析后认为 ,无论采用那一种主张 ,都会造成一些利用职务上的便利非法收受他人财物者逃脱受贿罪的刑事责任 ,应从刑法的规定中去除这一要素。     

关于完善我国刑事证明标准体系的若干思考

我国刑事诉讼法关于证明标准的规定仍欠完善 ,传统的证明标准理论也存在诸多不足。论文从诉讼规律出发 ,结合各国相关的法律规定 ,探讨了我国刑事证明标准体系的完善问题。作者否定了“客观真实”说 ,对“诉讼真实”、“法律真实”说进行了论证。对有罪判决的证明标准 ,作者提出了两条思路 ,一是沿袭“犯罪事实清楚、证据确实充分”的既有表述 ,二是改采“排除合理怀疑”的全新表述。论文还对其他刑事证明标准的再造进行了研讨。     

《民法典》中真实物权的判断标准

《民法典》物权编对真实物权设立了三种判断标准,即公示标准、事实标准和意思标准。基于绝对权的定位,通常以法定公示机制展示的物权为真实物权,此即公示标准,但这种标准并不唯一。在法律有特别规定的情形,征收等直接导致物权变动的客观事实能成为真实物权的判断标准,此即事实标准,与该事实不符的公示是错误的,公示的权利不是真实物权。此外,在法律允许的情况下,土地承包合同等当事人的合意也能成为真实物权的判断标准,此即意思标准,在不涉及第三人时,应按照意思标准而非公示标准来判断真实物权。     

Composite Machine Learning Algorithm for Material Sourcing,

This study developed a composite machine learning algorithm for attribution of materials of forensic interest (like ammonium nitrate) to original sources. k-nearest neighbor and random forest models were used for source elimination and classification, respectively, in a two-step, composite algorithm based on particle color, size/shape, and trace element concentration features. Novel approaches for simulation to supplement within-source reference features based on empirically measured multi-lot analyses, an improved hold-one-lot-out method for cross-validation, an assessment of the likelihood of the presence of a reference sample, fusion of the source probabilities from the respective classification models, and the calculation of metrics for assessing ensemble sourcing performance are described. Excellent sourcing predictions were obtained; the sourcing algorithm identified the correct source as the top choice 89% of the time, and the correct source was identified to be an average of 2.7 times more likely than the most likely incorrect source.     

医疗事故罪客观方面要件研究

医疗事故罪客观方面的要件包括 :1 医务人员在正常的诊疗护理的职务工作中有严重不负责任的行为 ;2 上述行为造成了就诊人死亡或者严重损害就诊人身体健康的后果 ;3 医务人员严重不负责任的行为 ,与就诊人死亡或身体健康严重受损的后果之间 ,具有刑法上的因果关系。     

新时期统战性质变化的客观依据浅析

中国共产党领导的统一战线在不同的历史时期有着不同的性质,每一性质的变化都有其一定的客观依据。新时期统一战线的性质之所以发生变化,是由于国际国内形势、党的中心工作和社会主义条件下统一战线队伍构成状况等都发生了显著变化所致。弄清这些依据,对我们正确理解新时期统一战线性质及其它一系列重大问题有着不可忽视的作用。     

Victims Speak: Comparing Child Sexual Abusers' and Child Victims' Accounts, Perceptions, and Interpretations of Sexual Abuse

This article presents findings from a longitudinal study¹ that sought to evaluate a treatment program for child sexual abusers. A triangulated methodological approach was adopted drawing upon quantitative and qualitative methodological techniques. The focus here is upon one element of this research.² Ninety-one in-depth interviews were conducted over a four-year period with a small, nonrandom sample of twenty-one male offenders who had been convicted of sexual offenses against children. All of the men were subject to probation orders with a psychiatric condition (Criminal Justice Act, 1991). One of the aims of this element of the research was to explore the extent to which evidence of denial could be found in offenders' accounts of offense circumstance and also to explore the extent to which offenders minimized the nature and extent of abuse perpetrated. Offenders' accounts of offense circumstances were compared to victim statements, and stark differences emerge. These findings have considerable implications for treatment practice with sex offenders, where victims' perceptions could be used to directly confront offender denial and minimization.     

治安学若干基础理论问题再探讨

治安学作为一门独立学科在我国已经得到认同。但由于种种原因,治安学的基础理论研究还十分薄弱,以致在一些重大理论问题上学术界还没有重大突破。本文拟就治安学的研究对象、学科体系和学科性质进行阐述,以期引起治安学理论界更加深入的讨论。