普通话水平测试的次轻音问题

2004年1月《普通话水平测试实施纲要》中出现“一般轻读、间或重读的音节”,却并未对此进行解释和说明,这给测试员的评分带来了操作上的难度。本文就次轻音与轻声的关系、确定次轻音的依据及测试中如何把握次轻音等问题进行了探讨,以供同行参考。     

论新形势下高校教师如何把握住课堂

高校教师要靠良好的仪表、强大的威望、正确的教育方法、精湛的专业知识以及理论联系实际的知识架构等来hold住课堂,hold学生,特别是第一节课。     

HDR技术在现场摄影中的应用研究

运用HDR技术可以获得被拍景物从最亮区域到最暗区域更多的细节。在现场摄影中运用HDR技术能够使现场照片和部分物证获得比通常的数字成像技术或摄影方法更大的动态范围,从而更好地再现高光或阴影部分的细节,获得更多的影像信息。     

Influence of WTO decisions on international intellectual property

Legal context: The task of harmonization in the IP framework is currently atrisk. This conclusion is shown by the way EU Member States have recentlyenacted Directive 2001/29 on the harmonization of certain aspectsof copyright and related rights on the information society.Particularly, no Member State seems to have considered the interpretationof the three-step test of the Berne Convention given in 2000by the WTO panel, notwithstanding its importance. Moreover, three recent opinions of the French Cour de Cassation,the French Conseil Constitutionnel, and the German Federal Courtof Justice appear not to have endorsed the WTO's interpretationof the three-step test. This scenario confirms the impressionthat the international framework is devoid of any degree ofharmonization. Key points: Although the aims of certainty and predictability in the internationaltrading system are among its main tasks, the World Trade Organizationhas not yet tackled the plight of harmonization, preferringa political approach to smooth conflicts and disputes. Yet,the World Trade Organization has recently taken important stepsthat seem to herald a new attitude. In United States—Sections301-310 of the Trade Act of 1974, the World Trade Organizationdismissed the traditional deference towards national legislations.In addition, at international and national levels, the AlleghenyLudlum and Softwood Lumber cases aligned their interpretationsto that of the World Trade Organization.     

利用多波段光源显现提取麻点状表面客体上的手印

在犯罪现场上,案犯在麻点状表面客体上留下手印经常可见。完整有效地提取这类客体上的手印,成为勘验人员急需掌握的技术。笔者经反复利用多波段光源试验提取该类客体上的手印,收到良好的效果。     

治安调解诸概念评析

应该以《治安管理处罚法》的内在一致性、与相关法律的一致性、与现代法治理念的一致性为视角正确理解治安调解的诸概念,并在此基础上对治安调解的条件作适当调整。应该将故意伤害取代打架斗殴的表述,对可治安调解的违法行为种类及民间纠纷的含义作符合当代法治理念的理解,取消情节较轻作为治安调解的必要条件。     

轻伤害公诉案件“和解”“转诉”的探索与规范

刑事和解已经成为检察机关目前广为实践和理论探索的一种适应构建和谐社会需要的司法改革措施,但是由于没有统一的法律规范,在司法实务操作上出现的很多不协调的问题。本文对检察机关在审查起诉阶段如何做好轻伤害公诉案件刑事和解的实践探索的基础上,从其所体现的效果方面对轻伤害公诉案件刑事和解的规范提出了司法操作路径,以促进相关的立法完善及刑事司法改革。     

论刑罚轻缓化的实现机制

宽严相济是新的历史时期我国基本的刑事政策，刑罚轻缓则是宽严相济刑事政策的核心。在世界各国刑罚整体轻缓的今天，削减死刑罪名，优化刑罚结构，对无被害人犯罪作非罪化处理是刑罚轻缓在立法层面实现的关键；而严格限制死刑的适用，扩大非监禁刑的适用范围，完善非监禁化措施，开展社区矫正，实现行刑社会化。则是刑罚轻缓在司法层面实现的重要内容。     

法律制裁的历史回归

探寻法律制裁的起源并勾勒其演进脉络,不仅可以透视法律制裁的发生机理,而且可以把握法律制裁的发展规律。法律制裁在历史长河中,不仅有线性的流逝,而且有循环的转化;不仅有各种法律制裁方式产生与灭亡的烙印,而且有同种法律制裁方式由轻至重又由重转轻的轨迹。社会文明进步的标志之一就是法律制裁方式由严酷走向轻缓:从摧残生命的酷刑最终转向以补偿和定纷止争为内容的纠纷解决,从而使法律制裁回归历史的起点。     

Simultaneous detection and image capture of biological evidence using a combined 360° camera system with single wavelength laser illumination

Forensic investigators frequently utilise light sources to detect and presumptively identify biological evidence. The instrumentation typically deploys single or multiple wavelength exposures at various intensities, which interact with constituents of biological material, initiating fluorescence or improving contrast between the material and substrate. Documentation using sketches and/or photographic approaches follows detection, which are essential for scene reconstruction. Recent research has demonstrated the simultaneous detection and capture of biological evidence using a 360° camera system combined with an alternate light source exhibiting broad wavelength ranges of light. Single wavelength light sources reportedly offer enhanced sensitivity, due to the increased light intensity and narrower bandwidth of light, although their combined use with a 360° camera system has not yet been explored.Samples of human blood, semen, saliva, and latent fingermarks were deposited on to a variety of substrates. A 360° camera system combined with a laser light source was used to detect and capture the samples. Ten participants were asked to detect the samples on images of the substrates without ground truth knowledge. It was possible to detect and capture biological evidence, although success varied according to substrate colour and light intensity. Advantageously, presumptive screening for biological fluids and the simultaneous location and visualisation of such evidence as part of a 360° panorama of the scene for contextual purposes was permitted. There was no fluorescent response from the fingermarks, although the oblique lighting effects appeared sufficient to aid mark detection in some circumstances. The use of single wavelength illumination clearly facilitates identification of a range of forensically important material. When coupled with a 360-degree camera, this allows for simultaneous identification and recording of such evidence in the context of the whole environment.