Taphonomic Patterning of Cemetery Remains Received at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner,Boston, Massachusetts

A sample of 49 cases of cemetery remains received at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Massachusetts (OCME‐MA), in Boston was compared with published taphonomic profiles of cemetery remains. The present sample is composed of a cross section of typical cases in this region that ultimately are derived from modern to historical coffin burials and get turned over to or seized by law enforcement. The present sample was composed of a large portion of isolated remains, and most were completely skeletonized. The most prevalent taphonomic characteristics included uniform staining (77.6%), coffin wear (46.9%), and cortical Exfoliation (49.0%). Other taphonomic changes occurring due to later surface exposure of cemetery remains included subaerial weathering, animal gnawing, algae formation, and excavation marks. A case of one set of skeletal remains associated with coffin artifacts and cemetery offerings that was recovered from transported cemetery fill is also presented.     

机采冰冻血小板保存质量指标变化分析

目的:本文通过对30袋机采冰冻血小板-80℃保存120天内质量指标变化,为冰冻血小板有效保存提供理论参考依据。方法:用美国克利夫兰生产的Research二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为冰冻保护剂,-80℃冰冻保存血小板120天,于20、40、80、120天进行计数,分别检测:聚集率、粘附功能、Ⅲ因子活性质量指标、输注后CCI值与冰冻前新鲜血小板进行比较,并随机抽取不同保存时期每样中1份冰冻血小板进行无菌试验。结果:- 80℃保存120天内各时期冰冻血小板的Ⅲ因子活性与新鲜血小板相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);冰冻血小板计数、粘附功能、聚集率与新鲜血小板相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但保存120天内的各时期回收率平均为84.1%,均大于70%。无菌试验均无细菌生长。结论:血小板-80℃冰冻保存120天内进行临床应用是可行的。     

Mitochondrial DNA Extraction from Burial Soil Samples at Incremental Distances: A Preliminary Study

Preservation variance of soil DNA is neglected in the literature, and exceptional cases exaggerate amplification capabilities. This study sought to amplify a short mitochondrial fragment (212 bp) specific to Sus scrofa domesticus from the soil surrounding decomposing pig remains from an open‐air locale. Samples collected above the body at incremental distances after 145 days of initial placement yielded pig DNA. A secondary sampling was collected in 2017, approximately 768 days after burial. Inhibition tests corroborated that pig DNA was no longer present in the soil resulting in a loss of original DNA between 145 and 768 days. The results provide evidence that genetic material leaches out radially from the source and DNA fragments longer than 200 bp do not persist in soil for a relatively short timeframe in western Montana. The conclusions support the collection of soil in crime scene investigation procedures within the first few months of decomposition.     

论法院诉前证据保全制度——借鉴德国独立证据调查程序的思考

为了发挥法院诉前证据保全所具有的保全证据、确定事实关系、促成裁判外纷争解决以及促进将来诉讼和集中化审理的功能,我国将来《民事诉讼法》的修订应改变传统自提起诉讼始为纷争解决的思想,借鉴德国独立证据调查程序制度,通过完善相应的证据保全类型、适用要件、实施程序以及认可诉前保全过程中与解纷相关事项协议的效力等制度,对我国诉前证据保全制度进行功能性改造,凸显其独立的程序价值。     

交通瞬间违法行为的证据认定及适用规则(下)——从行政法的经济分析维度

在本文的上篇中论述了要给予交警现场执法中的证据更多的信任,以更好地维护正常通畅的交通秩序。但是我们也要充分考虑当事人正当权益的保护,主要途径是设立一些科学的程序制度,以及进一步加强证据的收集和完善,提高处罚的准确性和科学性。     

In defense of human rights of indigenous people

The nations of the world are generally shaped by a cultural diversity, which must be preserved. This leads to a fundamental and essential defense of indigenous groups and their human rights. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of defending human rights of indigenous cucapa, natives settled in the northeast of the state of Baja California in the Delta of the Colorado River, especially with regards to their fishing rights, which is their main source of food and survival. The environmental laws that have been issued in the country have greatly affected them, banning commercial fishing in some areas and totally in many other areas, adding to that a not to subtle performance by the appropriate regulation authorities, preventing them from fishing sea bass, hence their consumption and marketing, which is reflected in their socioeconomic status. For this reason and in response to this violation of their human rights, women have decided to enter a cucapa womb strike, which threatens the existence of the tribe by not reproducing.     

Advocacy Coalition for Historic Preservation in the U.S.: Changes in Motivations

As the policy discussions of historic preservation have become complicated in recent years, the advocacy for the use of heritage is now even more important, and the number of coalitions for promoting the economic value of heritage has been on the rise. This research provides a historical view of the development of advocacy coalition networks that actively pursue the benefits of heritage resources. Through this context, the article then examines a case study of the Wheeling National Heritage Area. The case exemplifies the framework of how coalition networks can provide the structure necessary to push preservation policy in government.     

Family Group Conferencing: An Indigenous Practice Approach to Compliance With the Indian Child Welfare Act

Native American children are perpetually over-represented in the U.S. child welfare system, despite the creation of the Indian Child Welfare Act. This article examines the use of family group conferencing, particularly initiated in Indian child welfare systems, as a practice method to reduce the disproportionality in this area.     

The Relationship Between Use of Specific Services,Parental Problems,and Reunification With Children Placed in Foster Care

Research studies have found that for parents with children in foster care, use of problem-targeted services increases the likelihood of reunification. However, available research focuses almost entirely on substance abusing mothers, and rarely considers parents' use of parenting classes and counseling, services that are commonly ordered for most reunifying parents. This study examined the effects of parents' use of specific services on reunification. Findings suggest that in addition to parents' use of problem-targeted services, use or compliance with parenting classes and counseling services is also heavily weighted in reunification decision-making. Further research is needed to identify factors associated with service use and advance our understanding of the effectiveness of reunification services.     

论债之对外效力的表现

债之效力区分为对内效力与对外效力。对外效力是对债之关系当事人之外的第三人所产生的效力。一般情况下债权仅在当事人之间发生拘束力,但为了保障债权的实现,在特殊情况下法律对合同相对性予以突破。债的对外效力的表现主要包括:债权的保全,债权的物权化,第三人侵害债权,涉他合同。