激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪对红色墨迹的研究

目的利用激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪对文书中常见的红色墨迹材料进行表征,研究该方法对红色墨迹材料的区分能力。方法在785nm激发波长,50倍物镜条件下,对49种红色印文,以及9种彩色喷墨打印和13种彩色激光打印的红色墨迹材料进行拉曼光谱表征。结果通过对71种墨迹样品的谱图进行分析,可以发现,红色印文墨迹、喷墨打印红色墨迹及激光打印红色墨迹的拉曼光谱间均存在差异,同时,拉曼光谱可将这三种墨迹材料分别进一步区分。结论显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱可对红色墨迹材料进行有效表征和区分。这一方法可对红色印文墨迹进行识别,并且可实现对伪造印文文件的鉴别。     

美国联邦刑法法典化述评

美国联邦尚无刑法典,然自建国后,联邦一直致力于刑法法典化,从1790年《治罪法》至1948年《联邦法典》第18主题,到1982年《联邦刑法典草案》,长达200多年的刑法法典化事业至今未竟。联邦刑法法典化呈现独有品性,即启于内外因素双重驱动、历经形式编纂到实质编纂、本体即权力扩张与限制、价值思维系理想主义与实用主义之统合。联邦刑法法典化目的理性,其搁浅缘于工具不善。基于现有刑法不力、刑法治危机以及刑法典的天然优势之事实,结合刑法有效、公正、人道之目的,得以推导出刑法法典化仍需继续之应然结论。未来,联邦刑法法典化之路仍旧遍地荆棘,而联邦刑法典能否问世,取决于美国所动用的实践理性。     

股东出资义务的请求权主体研究——兼评《民法典》合伙合同、利他合同条款

确定股东出资义务的请求权主体存在请求权基础、公司法自创规则两条路径。前者有奠基性意义,在该路径下,应厘清出资义务的约定基础、法定基础,注重债法与公司法并用的系统思维。本源性的出资义务是约定的,表现为股东协议、公司章程,其区别于法定产生的出资义务衍生体。股东协议是组织性合同,依《中华人民共和国民法典》合伙合同、利他合同条款,出资义务请求权人应包括公司、其他股东,但公司法特殊价值会对出资义务抗辩权等产生抑制作用。章程性质依内容不同具有可分性,其出资条款应界定为组织性合同,请求权主体也包括公司、其他股东。其他股东对出资义务请求有独立利益,组织法不应排除其出资义务请求权。债权人取得出资义务请求权是法定的,须符合法定构成要件。公司法修订时,应明确公司、其他股东的出资义务请求权源于股东协议、公司章程。     

恶意代码加壳脱壳技术

在恶意代码飞速发展的今天,恶意代码出现了种类繁多、危害程度加大、查杀困难等一系列新特征。究其主要原因是因为恶意代码开发者对其开发的恶意代码进行了加壳技术处理。因此,如何使恶意代码脱去保护,即对进行了加壳技术处理的恶意代码进行脱壳破解,还原其本来面目,快速检测恶意代码的源代码,从而对系统进行有效防护。     

Quick Response Code In Acrylic Denture: Will it Respond When Needed?

Use of acids and other caustic substances in destroying the human body to avoid personal identification is drawing great deal of attention in recent times. With rapid industrial growth, incidence of industrial disasters has increased. In an event of chemical industry disaster, human identification can become a challenge. Embedding bar codes and other electronic means for identification in denture have proved to be a novel innovation in identification of edentulous patients. However, the validity of this method in events of chemical extremes has not been assessed. Hence, the study was undertaken to know the effect of different acids on dentures embedded with quick response codes. Results of this study indicate that simple bar code can be readable up to 33 h after acid treatment. With minimal armamentarium, bar code can be generated incorporating large data into it, providing it to be a cheap and reliable means of denture identification.     

Student conduct,restorative justice,and student development: findings from the STARR project: a student accountability and restorative research project

The STudent Accountability and Restorative Research (STARR) Project is a multi-campus study of college student disciplinary practices in the USA, comparing traditional conduct hearings that use restorative justice practices alongside traditional college student misconduct hearings. A coherent set of learning goals in college student conduct administration and a robust data-set capable of measuring student learning across different types of disciplinary practice, in particular, comparing traditional ‘model code’ practice with emerging restorative justice processes are examined. Integrating several student development theories, we identify six student development goals: just community/self-authorship, active accountability, interpersonal competence, social ties to institution, procedural fairness, and closure. The STARR Project includes data from 18 college and university campuses across the USA. We analyzed 659 student conduct cases based on surveys of student offenders, conduct officers, and other participants in the conduct processes. Using multiple regression to control for a variety of influences, we determined that the type of conduct process used is the single most influential factor in student learning. In addition, restorative justice practices were routinely found to have a greater impact on student learning than model code hearings.     

Impediments to the implementation of voluntary codes of conduct in production factories of the Global South: so much to do,so little done

A common consequence of the fragmented supply practices of multinational corporations are unfair and exploitative working conditions in the global South. Many corporations face this, and the resulting reputational damage, by installing voluntary codes of conduct in their supplier factories, leading to a vast range of implementation practices by the factory managers. Despite this effort, the literature shows that the positive impact of these codes on labour conditions in such factories remains insufficient. This article argues that this insufficiency is rooted in the exclusiveness and eurocentrism of codes of conduct and elaborates on why corporations tend to prefer influencing certain labour conditions over others. It concludes by briefly discussing multi-stakeholder organisations as a possible solution to these predicaments, and points the way to further research on the topic.     

The prince of darkness and the evil empire: Richard Perle,the Soviet Union,and U.S. arms control policy

This paper consists of three parts. First, it investigates the rationality assumption behind much deterrence theorizing and arrives at the conclusion that the rationality assumption is not fully compatible with credible retaliation. Moreover, the requirements of central deterrence and of extended deterrence tend to be incompatible with each other. Since theoretical deliberations call the persisting reliability of deterrence into question, alternatives to deterrence have to be considered. The second part of the paper therefore investigates strategic defense as an improvement over deterrence and a possibly stabilizing element in deterrence. The final part refers to conceivable conflicts of interests between the USA and Western Europe concerning SDI. It is argued that such conflicts of interest either arise from parochial concerns or from overlooking the comparative advantages of free and totalitarian systems in the production of military power.     

修改《劳动法》若干问题研究--从基本理念和具体制度层面分析

《劳动法》颁布10年来取得了巨大的成绩,但由于立法背景、对劳动关系本质认识的不足以及社会关系在转型时期的复杂性等因素的影响,存在严重缺陷,全面修改《劳动法》已为识者所共见。在深入研究劳动法的基本理念和认真分析各项劳动制度的基础上,比较、借鉴其他国家劳动立法,结合国际劳工公约的具体规定,将前瞻性和可操作性贯穿修改的始终,并注意与相关部门法的配套与衔接,完善而科学的劳动法体系是值得期待的。     

Evaluating Community Prosecution Code Enforcement in Dallas,Texas

We evaluated a community prosecution program in Dallas, Texas. City attorneys, who in Dallas are the chief prosecutors for specified misdemeanors, were paired with code enforcement officers to improve property conditions in a number of proactive focus areas, or PFAs, throughout the city. We conducted a panel data analysis, focusing on the effects of PFA activity on crime in 19 PFAs over a six-year period (monthly observations from 2010 to 2015). Control areas with similar levels of pre-intervention crime were also included. Statistical analyses controlled for pre-existing crime trends, seasonality effects, and other law enforcement activities. With and without dosage data, the total crime rate decreased in PFA areas relative to control areas. City attorney/code enforcement teams, by seeking the voluntary or court-ordered abatement of code violations and criminal activity at residential and commercial properties, apparently improved public safety in targeted areas.