Contesting privilege with right: the transformation of differentiated citizenship in Brazil

This paper suggests that new understandings of rights associated with right to the city movements in many cities around the world are subverting special treatment rights (understood as privilege) and the systems of differentiated citizenship that support them. To make this case, it examines the Brazilian formulation of differentiated citizenship as a telling historical example of a politics of difference based on a combination of universal membership and special treatment rights. It argues that by denying the expectation of equality and emphasizing that of compensatory equity in the distribution of rights, Brazilian citizenship became an entrenched regime of legalized privileges and legitimated inequalities. This paper then analyzes the insurgence of an urban citizenship in the poor peripheries of Brazilian cities since the 1970s, which promotes new kinds of contributor rights, the text-based rights, and the right to rights. It ends with a discussion of the entanglements and contradictions of these formulations of citizenship and rights.     

论国际法上的国家主权与普遍管辖权的冲突与协调——以刚果诉比利时逮捕令案为视角

普遍管辖权是国际社会在共同打击国际犯罪的基础上逐步得到确立的,一方面它适应了国际法保护国际社会共同利益的需要,另外一方面又对传统国家主权原则带来了挑战,因此,须正确处理二者之间的关系以利于国际法和国际社会的和谐发展。2002年国际法院对刚果诉比利时逮捕令案的判决就这一问题给我们提供了有益的启示。     

美国调解机密性理论与实践及其借鉴意义

调解的机密性是美国调解制度中的一项重要内容,它是指除非各方同意,当事人在调解过程中所披露的信息以及形成的调解协议,都不能在接下来的程序(包括诉讼)中被强制开示,作为证据证明案件事实,调解员也不能披露在调解过程中获得的任何信息.我国立法中,零星体现了对调解机密性的关注,但不成系,应从引入特权形式、明确调解机密性保护的对象和设置调解与审判分离的诉讼机制等方面着手,重构我国的调解制度.     

论我国税法中的公平问题——以公平类型为线索的系统分析

税收公平原则是税法的基本原则。税收公平分为横向公平和纵向公平、形式公平和实质公平、自由公平和强迫公平、国家间公平和国际公平、世代内公平和世代间公平等类型。从公平的类型看,我国的税收公平原则无论是在指导思想还是具体制度构建上均存在不容忽视的问题。为此,应当改变对税收、税法本质的认识,并对具体的税收制度进行改革和完善。     

史学视野下的台湾知识产权法律保护

伴随经济、科技的发展,台湾地区市场经济机制逐渐趋于成熟,知识产权法律保护制度逐步建立和完善起来。台湾地区知识产权法律保护中的专利权、商标权和著作权法律保护是在原有法律制度基础上通过修改的方式逐步发展完善起来的。     

俄国贵族阶层的起源、形成及其政治觉醒

"领主"和"贵族"曾经是早期罗斯社会的两个统治阶层,其起源和词源伴随早期俄罗斯的国家发展均发生了重大的变化.贵族作为帝俄的统治阶层,享有政治、经济、文化等方面的特权,同时也是俄国近代知识分子和进步思想的发源地.     

Selection and Incentives in the Electoral Security‐Constituency Communication Relationship

The relative importance of selection and incentives is essential for understanding how elections structure politicians’ behavior. I investigate the relative magnitudes of these two effects in the context of US House members’ constituency communication. Consistent with previous research, I find that there is a negative cross‐sectional relationship between electoral security and the intensity of constituency communication. The negative relationship holds in a panel‐data setting where only within‐legislator variation in electoral security is used to identify the effect of electoral security on legislator behavior. Due to the likely presence of myopic voters, the impact of electoral security increases as the election approaches. Point estimates suggest that the total effect is almost entirely driven by incentives, and I am able to reject the hypothesis that the incentive effect is zero at conventional levels of statistical significance.     

亲属拒证权制度比较研究

亲属拒证权是刑事诉讼中的一项重要证据规则。通过比较西方两大法系典型代表国家法、德、英、美四国的相关 法律规则,揭示其共同性及其价值基础、差异性及其形成原因,并在此基础上对我国建立相关证据规则建构的必 要性和适切性进行论证,以及对如何建构提出立法建议。     

论刑事被告人的沉默权

当今大多数国家从立法上肯定了被告人的沉默权,同时又作出了适当的限制.尽管赋予被告人沉默权会产生一些不利的影响,但沉默权是与刑事诉讼的一系列诉讼原则、规则,诉讼制度、结构和国际标准相一致的.从诉讼目的、道德观念、社会文明等法哲学的角度来看,承认沉默权是社会向前发展的一种必然,但是目前我国确立沉默权制度的条件尚未完全具备.     

略论律师的证言特免权——从刑事诉讼角度的分析

律师在执业活动中发现当事人有隐瞒罪行,是否应当向司法机关作不利于其的指控,我国现行的刑事诉讼法和律师法对此没有作出明确规定．本文首先介绍了英美法中“律师—当事人”特免权的概念、意义、主体和范围,然后分析了为确保发现其实与证言所涉利益两者间的平衡,我国应赋予律师证言特免权的依据．文章最后指出,在我国立法赋予律师证言特免权的同时,还要兼顾律师证言特免权的例外情形．