民事执行检察监督研究——以新《民事诉讼法》的实施为背景

民事"执行难"、"执行乱"一直广为社会各界诟病,似乎已经成为司法实践中无法治愈的顽疾。2012年修订的《民事诉讼法》秉持扩大和加强检察监督的立法精神,正式确立了检察机关对民事执行活动的法律监督权,但是限于《民事诉讼法》是基本法的法律体系定位,只是对民事执行的检察监督做了原则性规定,没有细化到制度操作层面。司法实践中,检察机关对民事执行的监督工作也面临诸多困难,制约了监督的效果。因此,民事执行检察监督制度应当尽快建立起来,在保障民事执行效果原则和审慎原则的基础上,从明确监督方式、范围、职权、建立有效的工作机制、提高监督能力等方面予以完善。     

刑事诉讼法上的类推解释

类推解释在刑法和刑事诉讼法上具有不同的形式和意义。刑法基于罪刑法定原则的要求,原则上禁止类推解释,尤其是相似条文之间的类推解释;只有在有利于被告的前提下,才允许事实比较意义上的类推解释。但在刑事诉讼法上,即使承认程序法定原则,也只是禁止扩张国家权力的类推解释,而不应禁止保障国民权利的类推解释。     

Which decision‐making arrangements generate the strongest legitimacy beliefs? Evidence from a randomised field experiment

How can democracies satisfy citizens' demands for legitimate decision making? This article reports findings from a randomised field experiment designed to mimic decision making in large‐scale democracies. Natural collectives of individuals with a shared history and future (high school classes) were studied. They were asked to make a decision about how to spend a sum of money under arrangements imposed by the researchers and distributed randomly across classes. Within this setting, empirical support for three ideas about legitimacy enhancing decision‐making arrangements is tested: participatory constitution‐making; personal involvement in the decision‐making process; and fairness in the implementation of arrangements. Throughout the analyses it was found that personal involvement is the main factor generating legitimacy beliefs.     

羁押必要性之检察审查制的程序化构建——兼评新《刑事诉讼法》第93条

最新的《刑事诉讼法》增加了羁押必要性之检察审查制度,这对于解决实践中存在的超期羁押现象起到重要作用,也有利于更好地保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人权。羁押必要性之检察制在我国确立有其必然性,但是该制度也具有一定的内在缺陷,而且我国关于该制度的最新规定也存在诸多漏洞,为了使羁押必要性之检察审查制能够发挥应有的作用,关键在于将该制度进行程序化构建。     

Explaining Majority and Minority Trust in the Police

This article tests the contribution that social capital theory, performance theory, and the procedural justice-based model can make towards explaining the trust of majority and minority group members in the police. The central research questions are: (1) do the same factors determine their levels of trust? and (2) are the effects parallel? To answer these questions, we carried out regression analyses on data collected from majority and minority group members living in Belgium (960 face-to-face interviews). The results show that, although the three theories offer explanatory elements for members of both majority and minority groups, the explanation of their trust in the police is not identical. Implications for research and theorization are discussed.     

The Importance of Perceptions in Restorative Justice Conferences: The Influence of Offender Personality Traits on Procedural Justice and Shaming

Research suggests that restorative justice (RJ) conferences are more just than traditional court processing due to the presence of procedural justice (PJ). These conferences also promote reintegrative shaming which, in contrast to disintegrative shaming, allows offenders to repair their ties with the community. Yet, fairness and the type of shaming experienced may depend on perceptions of the offender. We argue that the personality traits of negative emotionality and low constraint influence offenders' evaluations of the fairness of these conferences, which have implications for their experience of shaming. We test these arguments using data from a sample of 498 offenders involved in the Australian Reintegrative Shaming Experiments. Results reveal that personality traits affect perceptions of PJ and both types of shaming, and that PJ mediates these effects. The findings support the notion that RJ conferences are perceived to be procedurally just and reintegrative for certain types of offenders.     

监视居住制度评析——以2011年《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》为视角

2011年《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》(以下简称《修正案草案》)充分注意到了现行监视居住制度在实施过程中所暴露出的问题,并对监视居住制度进行了一系列的改造。《修正案草案》的立法初衷是将监视居住确立为一种减少羁押的替代性措施,但具体的条文设计却使监视居住制度产生了内部的分裂。在嫌疑人、被告人自己住所执行的监视居住可以被认为是一种非羁押性的强制措施,但指定居所的监视居住显然已成为一种羁押性的强制措施。因此,为了防止权力的滥用和充分保障嫌疑人、被告人的人权,对指定居所的监视居住需要进行更为严格的审查与控制。具体的审查、控制方法可以参照对逮捕的审查、控制方法,同时也需要确立对其进行定期羁押必要性审查的制度。另外还需确立错误指定居所监视居住的国家赔偿制度作为最后一道"防线"。     

论我国刑事诉讼客体内容的确定——案件事实及其法律评价的双重确定

作为刑事诉讼基本要素之一的刑事诉讼客体理论内容系统庞杂,但我国理论界对刑事诉讼客体的内容素有争论,时至今日也并未达成一致,这阻滞着公诉变更、法院变更罪名、＂一事不再理＂等问题的解决。应结合刑法与刑事诉讼法规范的目的,并以刑事实体法与刑事程序法为双重基础,确立包含实体内容与程序内容在内的案件事实、对案件事实的法律评价为刑事诉讼客体的内容。     

四代中央领导核心的党的先进性建设思想

党的先进性历来是随着形势和任务的变化而不断丰富和发展的。四代中央领导核心都始终重视加强党的先进性建设。随着时代和实践的发展,他们关于党的先进性建设思想的着力点有继承又有创新,体现了党的先进性建设的不断深化过程。