OTS-2．2S基因芯片对人脑挫伤后基因表达差异的初步研究

目的利用基因芯片技术,研究人挫伤脑组织中基因表达差异。方法从脑组织提取mRNA,通过OTS-2.2S基因芯片,研究脑挫伤组织与对照脑组织细胞原癌及抑癌相关基因特异性表达差异。结果发现在挫伤脑组织中,HoJ-1和KIAAOO65基因表达水平显著下降,而p107mRNA表达水平显著升高。结论在脑挫伤中仅发现3条基因的表达有显著性差异;本研究是对脑损伤后基因表达水平及其法医学意义进行的探索性研究。     

TWO WORLDS FAR APART: BLACK‐WHITE DIFFERENCES IN BELIEFS ABOUT WHY AFRICAN‐AMERICAN MEN ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPRISONED*

Analyzing The Washington Post, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University 2006 African American Survey, the current project focuses on three related issues. First, I examine whether African Americans and whites share a common “sensibility” or “cognitive landscape” when considering why African‐American men are disproportionately imprisoned. Second, the current research investigates whether the sensibilities held by African Americans and whites are collectively held. Third, I investigate whether the relative subordinate position of African Americans—as manifested in their personal experiences with racial discrimination—shapes the opinions that they have about why black men are disproportionately incarcerated. Findings reveal that African Americans and whites significantly differ in their opinions about why black men are imprisoned. They also show that deep divisions exist among whites, whereas African Americans tend to share a common sensibility as to why black males are disproportionately incarcerated. The results reveal that the cognitive landscape that African Americans collectively hold about why black men are incarcerated is shaped by their personal experiences with racial discrimination.     

殖民主义是根源——析《印度之行》

在一些人看来,《印度之行》中的英国殖民者和印度人民之间存在着一条几乎无法逾越的鸿沟,这是由于英国人缺乏同情心,缺乏想象力和印度人的善意、真诚而缺乏实际能力的精神状态之间的矛盾所造成的。本文不赞同这一观点。笔者认为:两者之间的矛盾根源于英国的殖民主义和由此产生的种族歧视。     

Cuban Anti‐slavery Narrative through Postcolonial Eyes: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab

Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab (1841) has come to be regarded as an iconic work in the canon of nineteenth‐century Cuban fiction, celebrated as much for its literary pedigree as for its radical combination of anti‐slavery and feminist ideas. Yet it has been the subject of very divergent critical appraisals. This essay sets out to breathe new life into Avellaneda’s novel by interpreting it through a postcolonial optic. Drawing on ideas from the scholarship of Edward Said and Frantz Fanon, as well as the ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin, these pages explore the implications of its nationalist, racial, sexual and feminist politics for Sab’s anti‐slavery meaning. This postcolonial reading provides a possible solution for the conflicts between its various interpretations.     

A case of tri-allelic pattern at locus D3S1358 on chromosome 3p21 inherited from paternal grandmother

We are reporting a case of tri-allelic inheritance at locus D3S1358 commonly used for genetic identification in forensic DNA testing. This case was encountered during routine paternity testing using commercial DNA profiling kits. The tri-allelic inheritance identified was probably a result of duplication at this locus, supported by the equal peak intensities and inheritance pattern from grandparent to child.     

浅析犯罪现场重建与犯罪心理画像的整合

犯罪现场重建是对犯罪客观过程的整体构建,犯罪心理画像则可视为对犯罪行为人主观精神状态及其个体特征的描述和再现。犯罪现场重建和犯罪心理画像各具优劣,目前不能相互替代,因此在实际侦查过程中必须有机整合,才能准确地刻画犯罪行为特征、动机特征和犯罪者的人身特征,从而为侦查活动服务。犯罪现场重建和犯罪心理画像的整合即为犯罪重建。     

The Preference Puzzle: Educational Differences in Racial-Political Attitudes

Education leads to racial liberalism in a great many instances. In this piece, I show that better educated whites are more racially liberal than less educated whites on issues involving minority preferences, with one notable exception. Better educated whites are significantly more opposed to affirmative action in university admissions than less educated whites. This is a puzzle, and my resolution of it is informed by group conflict theory and how university preferences evoke the group interests of better educated whites as they approach the issue. Additionally, I show that the group interests of less educated whites also are engaged by the issue. In the context of the survey I study, the class orientations of the less educated are roused, and, I argue, lower status individuals are encouraged to view university preferences as an opportunity to share the burden of affirmative action, contributing to the puzzling reversal in the relationship of education and racial-political attitudes.     

Disproportional Imprisonment of Black and Hispanic Males: Sentencing Discretion,Processing Outcomes,and Policy Structures

Disproportional incarceration of black and Hispanic men has been the subject of much critical commentary and empirical inquiry. Such disproportionality may be due to greater involvement of minority men in serious crime, to discretionary decisions by local justice officials, or to the differential impact of sentencing policies, such as mandatory minimums or sentencing guidelines, that differentially impact minority men. This study investigated the extent to which the disproportional punishment of black and Hispanic men, and local variation in such disproportionality, can be attributed to unexplained disparities in local sentencing decisions, as opposed to the extent to which such differences are mediated by sentencing policies, or case-processing and extralegal factors. We use 2005–2009 federal court and Pennsylvania state court data. Our findings suggest, particularly in Federal courts, that most disproportionality is determined by processes prior to sentencing, especially sentencing policies that differentially impact minority males.     

Evaluation of Commercial Kits for Dual Extraction of DNA and RNA from Human Body Fluids, ,

STR typing of DNA evidence can identify the donor with a high power of discrimination but cannot identify the tissue origin of a body‐fluid stain. Using RNA to attribute a crime scene stain to a particular tissue may aid in reconstruction efforts. With blood from 10 donors, four DNA and RNA coextraction kits were evaluated by measuring yields and STR and mRNA profiles. T tests indicated some significant differences in kit performance. The Zymo Research ZR‐Duet^? kit performed best based on average DNA (41.4 ng) and mRNA (4.07 ng) yields and was the only kit to provide complete DNA/RNA profiles for all samples. The consistency of this kit was challenged by data from additional blood and saliva donors. Further testing is advised before a superior kit is unequivocally chosen. Stand‐alone DNA or RNA purification generally offers higher yield, but coextraction may still allow successful STR profiling and tissue source identification.     

The Measurement of Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Eight Methamidophos Samples

Between December 2007 and January 2008, people suffered from food poisoning in the Japanese prefectures of Chiba and Hyogo after eating frozen dumplings (gyoza) produced in China, which had very high concentrations (1490–19,290 ppm) of methamidophos (O,S‐dimethyl phosphoramidothioate). Thus, we measured the stable carbon isotope ratio of methamidophos using GC/C/IRMS to identify the source. We analyzed seven methamidophos reagents and one Chinese agricultural methamidophos chemical (MTD600) that contained many impurities. The δ¹³C values of the seven methamidophos reagents and MTD600 ranged from ?49.23‰ to ?31.90‰, with an average SD of 0.20‰, very high precision. This difference (17.33‰) was very large compared with that in previous reports and may be attributable to the material itself and the chemical processing of methamidophos. Criminals can easily obtain pesticides such as methamidophos; therefore, it is very important to identify the pesticide source and distribution route using stable isotopic science in the future.