Internet domain names and the interaction with intellectual property

This is the fourth in a series of articles looking at the interaction between Internet domain names and intellectual property. It outlines the ICANN dispute resolution procedure for gTLDs whereby objectionable domain names can be transferred away from their registrants or cancelled. It also compares this to legal proceedings in the UK Courts and outlines a referral to the European Court of Justice on issues relating to a trade mark registration as the basis or legitimate interest for a .eu domain name registration.     

Multiplex high resolution melt (HRM) messenger RNA profiling assays for body fluid identification

Traditional body fluid identification methods use a variety of technologically diverse techniques that do not permit the identification of all body fluids. Definitive identification of the biological material present can be crucial to a fuller understanding of the circumstances pertaining to a crime. Thus definitive molecular based strategies for the conclusive identification of forensically relevant biological fluids need to be developed. Messenger (mRNA) profiling is an example of such a molecular based approach.Current mRNA body fluid identification assays typically involve either capillary electrophoresis (CE) or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) platforms, each with its own limitations. Both platforms require the use of expensive fluorescently labeled primers or probes. CE-based assays require separate amplification and detection steps thus increasing the time required for analysis. For qRT-PCR assays, only 3 or 4 markers can be included in a single reaction since each requires a different fluorescent dye. To simplify mRNA profiling assays and to reduce the time and cost of analysis, we have developed multiplex high resolution melt (HRM) assays that provide an identification of all forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues.     

规范域名抢注的国际立法新发展--ICANN《统一域名争端解决规则》评析

ICANN在接替NSI成为全球域名体制的总管理者后,于1999年末推出<统一域名争端解决规则>(UDRP).经过近一年时间的运作,UDRP现已成为解决域名争议的主要手段和打击域名抢注行为的重要武器.我国企业应当善于利用UDRP,捍卫自身的合法权利.并且,我国应借鉴UDRP的先进经验,对域名争端解决机制加以完善.     

The fair process effect and procedural criteria in the resolution of disputes between intimate same-sex friends

This series of studies extended procedural justice research to the informal domain of dispute resolution in intimate same-sex friendship. The first study identified the types of disputes that occur between friends and the concerns that friends have when choosing dispute resolution procedures. Seven dispute types and 11 procedural criteria were found relevant to dispute resolution in friendship. Study 2 assessed the importance of procedural criteria for resolving several dispute scenarios. As expected, ratings of criterion importance were affected by subject and disputant sex. Females rated four criteria as more important than did males, and one criterion was rated as more important in disputes involving a male and a female than in disputes involving two females. The importance of procedural criteria was also influenced by the type of dispute, but this effect was qualified by an interaction with the dispute version. It was suggested that the importance of procedural criteria is generally defined by the context of friendship and specifically defined by the dispute topic. In Study 3, the relations among subject sex, traditional fairness variables, and criterion-based measures of process control were examined. Consistent with studies in other domains, process control predicted procedural justice, and decision control predicted distributive justive. Moreover, the hypothesized fair process effect emerged as a function of speed, a criterion-based measure of process control.     

纠纷解决与和谐社会

和谐社会并不是没有纠纷的社会,而是要从法律的角度把不和谐的纠纷控制在最小的范围内,使社会呈现出稳定而有序的状态。诉讼虽然是现代社会中纠纷解决机制中的最主要的纠纷解决方式,但其并不是唯一的纠纷解决机制。通过诉讼与人民调解等非诉讼纠纷解决机制的科学配置及时的化解社会矛盾是实现和建构和谐社会的关键所在。     

论民事简易程序系统之优化

在当前社会矛盾多发与司法资源有限的大背景下,我国民事简易程序总体呈现适用扩张化、运作失范化、价值功利化的趋势。从系统论的角度分析,原因是多方面的。从民事简易程序系统外部看,既有替代性纠纷解决机制虚弱的原因,也有诉讼程序体系内普通程序与简易程序价值博弈的原因;从系统内部看,既有立法与司法解释等规则层面的原因,也有机构与人员设置不配套等体制层面的原因,更有管理不到位、监管机制失灵等机制层面的原因。因此,优化民事简易程序系统,完善其价值与功能定位,仅从传统的立法论、解释论途径实现规则要素的优化是不够的,还得从其内外环境与结构入手,实现整体的优化。     

UPLC-Orbitrap-MS法快速分析鉴定紫芝醇溶性成分

目的 采用超高效液相色谱—四极杆—静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱系统对紫芝的醇溶性成分进行快速识别并分析鉴定。方法 采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（1.7 μm, 150 mm×2.1 mm）,以A（0.1%甲酸水）—B（乙腈）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温为35 ℃,流速为0.2 mL/min,进样容积为3 μL。在负离子模式下采集紫芝醇溶性的质谱数据,根据一级质谱的精确相对分子质量、二级质谱特征碎片,结合文献分析紫芝的醇溶性成分。结果 通过Compound Discover 3.3软件、文献参考和人工校对的方法对紫芝醇提物共初步鉴定了16种成分。其中12种三萜类成分,4个脂肪酸类成分。结论 所建立的方法完整、便捷,可为紫芝的药效物质基础差异及其作用机制研究提供一定的理论依据,并为紫芝成分鉴定及其质量控制标准提供理论支撑。     

Turning down the heat: Influences on conflict management in enduring rivalries

Enduring rivalries represent the most difficult challenges for policy makers seeking to promote international peace and security. Once in place, enduring rivalries account for a disproportionate number of crises, militarized disputes, as well as wars, and include conflicts that are more likely to escalate than those falling in other conflict contexts. Unfortunately, we know very little about conflict management in enduring rivalries from either a theoretical or policy perspective. This study seeks to account for why some rivalries are successfully managed while others persist at high and unabated levels of conflict In addressing these concerns, we explore 35 enduring rivalries over the period 1945–1992. We find that although enduring rivalries are quite resistant to influences that produce changes in their dynamics, both endogenous and contextual influences can exercise a significant impact upon the prospects for conflict management between enduring rivals.