Fingermarks development on gloves: Relative efficiency of 1,2 Indanedione/ZnCl2, ninhydrin and wet powder

Powder suspensions such as wet powder are used to develop fingermarks on adhesive surfaces. They can also be used on gloves but these ready-to-use commercial pre-mixed solutions are not entirely satisfactory. Among other things, they generate some background noise that can sometimes be substantial and make the exploitation of the fingermarks difficult. Recent studies have proven the effectiveness of a HFE ninhydrin solution on some types of gloves. Ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione are reagents that are commonly used for the visualisation of fingermarks on porous and semi-porous substrates. Applying them on gloves might help to overcome the issue of background noise being produced by powder suspensions. In this study, several formulations of ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione are compared to wet powder on a sample of nitrile, latex and vinyl gloves. The subsequent results show a greater effectiveness with the use of wet powder.     

超声波清除锈迹在刑事技术领域中的应用展望

结合刑事技术领域中对检验锈蚀金属物证的要求,本文综述了应用超声波清除锈蚀金属物证上锈迹的原理、方法及应用前景,并与其他常用的化学方法进行了比较。     

液压断线钳与普通断线钳剪切痕迹的检验及应用

目的通过研究不同类型、规格和功能断线钳所形成剪切痕迹的异同,准确的进行工具痕迹的同一认定。方法运用实验观察法,比较法对液压断线钳与普通断线钳形成痕迹特征反映的异同进行分析。结果液压断线钳与普通断线钳从结构特征、剪切痕迹特征反映等方面存在着明显的差异。结论在对剪切痕迹的检验中,需要注意从被剪断头的材质、直径、断端形状等方面着手,区别不同种类的剪切工具,尤其要注重对实验样本的制作,这样才能充分发挥剪切痕迹在侦查破案中的证据作用。     

The Consumer as the Empirical Measure of Trade Mark Law

Although consumer responses to signs and symbols lie at the heart of trade mark law, courts blow hot and cold on the relevance of empirical evidence – such as surveys and experiments – to establish how consumers respond to alleged infringing marks. This ambivalence is related to deeper rifts between trade mark doctrine and the science around consumer decision‐making. This article engages with an approach in ‘Law and Science’ literature: looking at how cognitive psychology and related disciplines conceptualise consumer decision‐making, and how counterintuitive lawyers’ approaches appear from this perspective. It demonstrates how, especially when proving confusion, decision‐makers in trade mark demand the impossible of empiricists and are simultaneously blind to the weaknesses of other sources of proof. A principled divergence, without seeking to collapse the gaps between legal and scientific approaches, but taking certain small steps, could reduce current problems of proof and contribute to better‐informed, more empirically grounded decisions.     

Introducing 3D Printed Models as Demonstrative Evidence at Criminal Trials

This case report presents one of the first reported uses of a 3D printed exhibit in an English homicide trial, in which two defendants were accused of beating their victim to death. The investigation of this crime included a micro‐CT scan of the victim's skull, which assisted the pathologist to determine the circumstances of the assault, in particular regarding the number of assault weapons and perpetrators. The scan showed two distinct injury shapes, suggesting the use of either two weapons or a single weapon with geometrically distinct surfaces. It subsequently served as the basis for a 3D print, which was shown in court in one of the first examples that 3D printed physical models have been introduced as evidence in a criminal trial in the United Kingdom. This paper presents the decision‐making process of whether to use 3D printed evidence or not.     

浅议犯罪心理痕迹的特征与分析方法

犯罪心理痕迹是指犯罪嫌疑人遗留在犯罪前、犯罪中、犯罪后的反映其心理状态、内心活动和个性心理特征的痕迹,它是一种无形的精神痕迹。对犯罪心理痕迹的特征及犯罪各阶段犯罪心理痕迹的外在表现进行了分析,归纳了几种常用的分析判断心理痕迹的方法,并对利用犯罪心理痕迹进行案件分析时应注意的问题进行了阐述。     

解决我国商标权与商号权冲突问题的法律对策

商标权与商号权之间所引起的冲突纠纷,已成为当今知识产权保护的焦点和难点问题.本文试图通过对商标权与商号权的含义、种类的分析,得出在我国产生这两个权利冲突的主要原因,并针对现有立法中的不足,提出了一些解决商标权与商号权冲突的应对之策.     

地理标志保护立法探论

由于国情的不同,各国的地理标志保护模式存在较大的差异,分别有专门法保护、商标法保护、专门法和商标法协调保护和反不正当竞争法保护四种。结合地理标志权属性质和我国国情,我国应采取商标法和专门法协调保护的立法模式,还应辅之以其他相关法律、特别是反不正当竞争法的保护。目前应注意提高地理标志保护立法层次以及处理地理标志商标权和原产地名称权的冲突问题。     

硅胶仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹特征研究

目的研究硅胶仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹特征与真实指纹印泥痕迹特征的差异,为鉴定硅胶仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹提供依据。方法首先利用液态硅胶制作仿生指纹膜,然后用仿生指纹膜和手指在相同情况下蘸取印泥,分别以轻、中、重3种力度在A4纸上垂直按压形成印泥指印,并对其拍照提取,比较仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹与真实指纹印泥痕迹的特征差异。结果仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹多见“空白”“断裂”,边缘部分不规则、凹凸不平,小犁沟宽窄程度随力度变化明显,细节特征反映不清楚;真实指纹印泥痕迹自然、纹线较连贯。结论仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹特征与真实指纹印泥痕迹特征之间存在差异,根据两者之间的特征差异可以帮助鉴别仿生指纹膜印泥痕迹。