Recrafting the national imaginary and the new “vanguardism”

An opportunity exists to assess the limitations in building long-term peace in post-conflict states, particularly given the extent to which negotiated settlements incorporate demands for democratic mechanisms. By assessing how post-conflict governments construct new majorities through policy tools as well as assessing how they are constrained by the structural realities of negotiated settlements, we gain some purchase on the reasons why some post-conflict state projects succeed while others fail. This has potentially transformative implications for our understanding of how social contracts, and their attendant issues of consent, dissent, and legitimacy, operate in the modern world and the ways they impact such critical discussions as democratic transition, post-conflict reconciliation, and nation-building. We use the case of post-apartheid South Africa to analyse how post-conflict states are limited in terms of forging social contracts among citizens and between citizens and governments. Of specific interest is the way that post-conflict social contracting compels nation-builders to eschew the uncertainties of viable electoral democracy in favour of dominant party regimes or electoral authoritarianism. We suggest that this tension is less a result of pecuniary interest on the part of nation-builders and more a consequence of the imperfections of the modern social contracting process.     

Fisher Body revisited: Supply contracts and vertical integration

The vertical integration of Fisher Body by General Motors has been a leading example in both the transaction-cost theory and the property-rights theory of the firm. The present paper makes the following contributions. First, we show how a simple extension of the property-rights theory of the firm (which allows for contractible trade) is able to rationalize the observed ownership arrangements, supply contracts, and investment behavior both before and after integration. Second, the model lends support to Klein’s (2000) view that an increase in demand for closed automobile bodies was pivotal for vertical integration. JEL Classification L22 · L24 · L14 · K12     

合同漏洞法理研究

合同漏洞就是合同的客观规范内容不能准确和完备地描述与交易有关的所有未来可能出现的状态以及每种状态下合同各方的权利和义务 ,这是因为交易条件的不可证实性与不可观察性而存在的合同成本产生的。合同漏洞补充的基础是诚信原则导致合同关系的扩大 ,法官依据当事人的合同关系进行合同利益分配。合同漏洞补充的规则有合意补充、交易习惯补充、任意性法律规范补充和合同解释补充。但为控制法官的合同解释权力 ,应当完善合同漏洞补充的规则     

论劳务合同的类型

劳务合同以雇佣合同、委托合同和承揽合同为三种基础类型,三种合同的区分具有合同法和侵权行为法的双重意义,区分的标准自罗马法以来有了很大的变化。我国《合同法》上,三者的区分标准虽明确,但尚不足以解决问题,对于模糊领域中的某具体合同的类型归属,需研究其不同类型归属的法律效果,依据价值评判以最终确定。     

Incomplete Contracts, Intellectual Property and Institutional Complementarities

In the New Property Rights model ownership of assets should be assigned to the most capable agents. While, in a world of incomplete contracts, the application of the model to IPRs provides insights on the nature of their second best allocation, suggesting a direction of causation going from technology to property rights, also the opposite direction of causation may arise: owners of IPRs tend to develop more capabilities in the production of new IPRs. For some firms and countries, a virtuous complementarity between the development of IPRs and skills arises. For others, the disincentive effect of the exclusion from intellectual property has more damaging consequences than the lack of access to material capital.     

Relational Contracts, Repeated Interaction and Contract Modification

The paper uses the theory of repeated games to model relational contracts. It demonstrates that there are cases where it is better to leave a long term contract more incomplete than it needs to be in order to secure optimal renegotiation at every point. In this particular class of contract problems, it may be optimal to allow contract modification even in cases where the buyer could have put the modified terms into the original contract.     

民商事仲裁协议是否可撤销

民商事仲裁协议是民商事协议(合同)争议仲裁解决的协议。其适用民事行为的生效要件、无效制度等一般规定无争议。但其是否能适用可撤销制度有争议。笔者认为《仲裁法》没有规定可撤销制度既有比较法上的根据,也有现行法上的依据,同时对最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国仲裁法〉若干问题的解释》第18条规定提出了质疑。     

挂钩型理财产品若干法律问题研究

挂钩型理财产品，是指该产品的收益与一些指标相挂钩。挂钩的指标五花八门，挂钩的方法有正向挂钩、反向挂钩、双向挂钩、组合挂钩等。商业银行对募集的理财资金的运用与所挂钩指标毫无关系，二者在不同体系中各自运行。投资者与商业银行之间是一种射幸合同关系。由于投资者对理财资金没有“理财利益”，所以挂钩型理财产品带有一部分博彩性质。笔者认为，挂钩指标不宜过多、过滥。在挂钩方式上，尽量采取正向挂钩的方式。商业银行应尽量将理财资金用于与挂钩指标同行业的投资，使资金运用与指标之间建立起一定的关联关系。中国银监会应对挂钩型理财产品实行严格的准入制度，对资金的运用应当进行严格监管。     

"用工"法律问题初探

随着我国《劳动合同法》把建立劳动关系的判断标志从“签约”修改为“用工”,研究与用工相关的法律问题显得日渐迫切。用工的内涵,可界定为用人单位招用劳动者为其成员,劳动者在用人单位的管理下,提供由用人单位支付报酬的劳动行为。认定用工是否成立,我们应根据双方主体是否合格、是否有劳动给付和接受行为、双方关系是否符合“从属性”标准要求等要件来作出判断。其中,对于“用工之日”的认定,应设置特别规定。关于如何理解用工和签约之间的效力关系,应区分“同时用工和签约”、“先用工后签约”、“先签约后用工”这三种不同情形,进行具体分析。     

关于“实际点击次数”问题的探析

随着互联网的飞速发展，网民数量的快速增加，网络色情犯罪急剧上升。目前，司法机关在办理此类案件时，根据相关司法解释，以“实际点击次数”作为定罪量刑的依据。由于点击率受软件造假、专人制假、源头造假等因素的影响，其真实性难以确定，因而法院在判决时应综合考量。