Badai：a living fossil of Miao History and Culture

＂＇Badai＂ is the name the Miao give to their shamans, who officiate at sacrificial and customary rituals and indeed all ceremonies for Miao social events. The culture of rituals is called ＂Badai culture,＂ and it holds a significant place in Miao culture. The process of rituals and ceremonies, the ＂living fossil＂ of Miao history and culture so to speak, enabling the Miao people of today to inherit their ancestors＇ culture and social conventions. A ceremony may involve from seven to 36 Badai, and it is they who have taken up the torch from their ancestors, perpetuating the survival of the ancient culture. Though predominantly an oral tradition, the words of the rituals have now been brought together in a 176-chapter, 2,866-section ＂classic.＂ It is an authentic record of Miao history and culture, with copious information about Miao religion, philosophy, history, arts, medicine, and health preservation.     

关于《中华人民共和国居民身份证法修正案（草案）》的说明——2011年10月24日在第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十三次会议上

全国人民代表大会常务委员会： 我受国务院的委托,现对《中华人民共和国居民身份证法修正案（草案）》作说明。 《中华人民共和国居民身份证法》自2004年实施以来,为证明公民的身份、保障公民合法权益、便利公民进行社会活动发挥了重要作用。为了进一步提高居民身份证的防伪性能,夯实社会管理的人口信息基础,需要尽快结束第一代居民身份证与第二代居民身份证同时并用的局面,