非法证据排除规则视野下的讯问策略

讯问的对象是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人。讯问获得的证据种类是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的口供以及通过该口供获得的物证、书证。2010年确立的非法证据排除规则,要求公安机关在讯问犯罪嫌疑人、被告人时既要重视口供又不搞刑讯逼供,不搞口供至上;既要探求实体公正更要重视程序公正;既要注重办案的效率更要重视对犯罪嫌疑人正当权益的保护。为此,文章针对实践中出现的不规范讯问方法,探讨非法证据排除规则视野下公安办案讯问的一些方法,旨在使公安讯问犯罪嫌疑人、被告人时应从＂硬审讯法＂转变到＂软审讯法＂。这种＂软讯问法＂包括讯问中的语言策略和非语言策略。同时,为了保障这种讯问方法的实施,应当设立一定的监督机制。     

我国无证搜查制度法理之构建——《刑事诉讼法》第111条第二款质疑

《刑事诉讼法》第111条第二款"在执行逮捕、拘留的时候,遇有紧急情况,不另用搜查证也可以进行搜查"的规定,含义比较模糊,可作"重叠式"和"并列式"两种理解。从目前实务运作和立法用语表达习惯来看,"重叠式"理解比"并列式"理解合理。但如果作"重叠式"理解,第二款在三个方面违背了有关搜查制度预设的基本法理。构建我国无证搜查制度的基本法理,对抑止搜查权力滥用和发挥搜查权力的应有效能势所必然。应明确无证搜查的种类,同时将必要性要件、可能性要件和适度性要件作为无证搜查合法实施的构成要件及认定标准。     

论直接言词原则与公诉案卷的移送及庭前审查

直接言词原则对法庭审理过程中证据调查和辩论及法院判决时证据的运用都有严格而系统的法律要求。我国立法对公诉案卷移送及庭前审查制度的规定在许多方面都违反了直接言词的要求及各国立法的通例。直接言词原则的彻底贯彻要求我国立法对公诉案卷移送及庭前审查制度进行相应的改革和完善。     

靠言传身教实现政治工作的保证作用--纪念罗荣桓元帅一百年诞辰

罗荣桓元帅是我军政治工作者的楷模。他在政治工作实践中 ,坚持以身作则 ,依靠模范作用带领群众前进 ;坚持讲民主 ,依靠耐心教育提高群众觉悟 ;坚持搞“五湖四海” ,依靠团结绝大多数人闹革命 ;对党忠诚 ,宽容大度又坚持原则。继承和发扬罗帅创造的优良的政治工作传统 ,对做好新时期军队政治工作具有重要的现实意义。     

论直接言词原则的界定——兼论直接言词原则在刑事诉讼法中的确立

直接言词是诉讼法中一项重要的原则,然而目前关于这一原则的内涵和理论定位,学术界众说纷纭。本文提出直接原则有三个派生的原则:在场原则、直接采证原则以及自主裁判原则,并就该原则在理论上的定位以及在修改后的刑诉法中的确立进行了探讨。     

从翻译美学的角度论小说翻译中人物语言的审美再现

小说是通过塑造典型人物形象来反映现实生活的一种文学体裁。人物形象丰满与否,直接取决于人物个性化的语言。能否准确传译人物语言便成了小说翻译的关键。翻译过程中,译者应本着审美等值的原则努力再现小说中人物语言的审美价值。     

Testing moffitt's neuropsychological variation hypothesis for the prediction of life-course persistent offending

Abstract

Although neuropsychological deficits have been linked to antisocial behavior, theories of crime have been slow to develop formal processes and predictions for neuropsychological deficits. One recently articulated theory, however, places emphasis on the influence of neuropsychological variation in the development of antisocial behavior. In her developmental taxonomy. Moffitt outlines a theory of antisocial behavior that rests on the presence of two groups of offenders: life-course persisters and adolescent-limiteds. Both groups occupy distinct etiologies for antisocial involvement and are believed to engage in different antisocial activities. One of the main differences between the two groups is the role that neuropsychological deficits play in the production of antisocial behavior. Moffitt hypothesizes that neuropsychological deficits are predictive of antisocial involvement for life-course persisters but not for adolescent-limiteds. Using data from the Philadelphia portion of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, proxy measures of neuropsychological deficits are used to predict four different manifestations of life-course persistent offending. Results support Moffitt's hypothesis about the relationship between poor neuropsychological test scores and life-course persistent styles of offending.     

Applying the Verifiability Approach in an international airport setting

In the current study, we tested the utility of applying the Verifiability Approach (VA) within an international airport setting. The VA works on the notion that truth tellers provide more verifiable details than liars and has shown to be successful within other empirical deception detection scenarios. Three hundred and ninety-nine airside participants (those originating from Europe, Asia and African) were asked questions regarding their travel plans. We asked participants to either lie (n?=?195) or tell the truth (n?=?204) about their planned activities. The critical question required participants to provide information that would convince the investigator that they were telling the truth. We then transcribed and coded their responses for verifiable details; that is, details that could potentially be checked by an investigator. Overall, truth tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars. Furthermore, when taking their geographical origin into account, there was no interaction effect between veracity and region. Additionally, truth tellers provided a higher verifiable/total detail ratio than liars, which again showed no interaction effect between veracity and region. These findings support the suitability of the VA as a cross-cultural veracity tool and implications for its use as an additional security aid are discussed.     

Verbal ability,depression, and anxiety as correlates of interrogative suggestibility in children exposed to life adversities

In the present study, we assess the relationship of verbal ability, depression, and anxiety with interrogative suggestibility (IS) in a sample of children exposed to life adversities and requiring assistance by the governmental social service (n?=?39), as compared with normal controls (n?=?36). The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2 was administered to participants in a battery including measures of memory capacity, verbal ability, depression, and anxiety. The finding showed that the ‘assisted’ children were significantly more suggestible than the controls with a large effect size for Yield 1 and total suggestibility. In addition, IS was negatively correlated with verbal memory and ability, but not with anxiety and depression. The two groups differed as to their level of total suggestibility after adjusting for verbal ability. Implications of the findings for the forensic assessment of vulnerable subjects are discussed.