论国际刑事法院证据规则的混合模式——以大陆法系和英美法系证据规则比较为视角

国际刑事法院诉讼规则是一种混合模式,证据规则也不例外.而这种混合模式融合了大陆法系证据采纳的宽泛规定和普通法系证据收集、出示和审查中的对抗制因素.这种混合模式有其特定的成因,而大陆法系和普通法系对这一混合模式则存在不同的看法,本文从比较视角对这一问题进行了分析,并指出了其对我国证据立法的启示.     

完善人大对司法机关的监督关系

司法领域可以被看作是一个权力域,其中各种规范的和非规范的、制度内的和制度外的力量都可能介入到这个领域。而人大对司法的监督意味着它必须作为规范的、制度内的力量来发挥作用,并且由于它的监督将能够极大的增强各种规范的和制度内的力量,使它们能够始终主导司法过程,从而实现司法公正。为此,人大在发挥监督作用的同时还应着力避免自己成为影响这个领域的非规范的、制度外的因素。为此,本文论证了人大监督权与司法权关系的理论限度,讨论了强化人大影响司法过程的各种监督制度和方式的有效性与规范性问题。     

自媒体时代的刑事司法与民意

相对于传统的自上而下的传播模式,“自媒体”更多地体现出一种传播的对等性,更加注重网民的自主性,表现出个性化、互动性的特征,更易引发刑事司法与民意之间的紧张关系。涉弱势群体的刑事个案更易引发民众的关注、民意的表达更为通畅与开放、民意的表达忽略了案件事实与法律适用本身、民意的真实性有待考证,这是自媒体时代的民意的主要特征。在自媒体环境下,民意推动了刑事诉讼程序的公开、公正进行,有助于刑事司法判决朝着更为公正、合理的方向发展,不理性的民意对部分刑事案件的错判、误判的影响仍然不能忽视,民意对刑事司法的影响呈现出无序性。营造刑事司法与民意互动的良性循环需要注意：建立及时的信息发布、沟通机制,对自媒体进行必要的约束,发挥自媒体对民意的引导、培育功能。构建公平有序的社会制度。     

网络民意介入刑事司法之再反思——基于典型刑事案件的研究

网络民意介入刑事司法的合理性值得质疑。网络民意和刑事司法在刑事个案中的博弈时有发生。网络民意的主观性、非理性和不确定性同刑事司法的客观性、专业性和可预期性相抵触。网络民意介入刑事司法有违无罪推定原则和罪刑法定原则。最后,网络民意作为行使言论自由的一种方式,不得触及司法正义的底线。     

论司法独立、司法公正与中国司法改革

司法独立作为一项宪法原则 ,调整着国家司法机关与立法、行政等其他国家职能机构的法律关系。作为一项司法审判原则 ,确保着司法机关对审判权的公正行使 ,防止在司法审判过程中受到来自外界的不正当干扰和影响。司法独立包括法院独立和法官独立两个内容 ,司法独立是司法公正的前提和基础 ,司法公正是司法独立的目的。我国司法改革 ,应着眼于司法独立 ,追求司法公正 ,努力提高法官素质。     

Assumptions about children's best interests

The family justice system operates with a set of presumptions and assumptions about the welfare of the child which are assumed to be based on 'scientific' knowledge and which, therefore, are further assumed to carry the authority of both science and law. In practice, the result is that those working within the family justice system use powerful 'legal'notions whose provenance is often taken for granted and whose authority is unchallenged. Drawing on the different sets of assumptions operating in the family justice system and the youth justice system, this article explains, however, that law responds to messages originating in external discourses, notably science and politics, only in so far as its functions require and only in ways which 'fit'into legal communications. Viewed in this light, the presumptions are seen as working guidelines which should only be used with great care when dealing with the lives of children and young people. Whilst acknowledging that a full investigation of all children's cases would not be feasible, this article therefore argues for greater attention to the applicability and validity of prevailing presumptions.     

Rethinking responses to 'domestic violence' in Australian indigenous communities

The United Nations' response to violence against women was to adopt the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women in December, 1993 that recognized indigenous women to be especially vulnerable to violence. Australia's initiatives during the 1990s included criminal justice reform, crisis service provision and community-based mediation programmes that have not proved altogether helpful for indigenous women. Given the intractable nature of violence against indigenous women, this paper holds that community-based programmes cannot work in isolation from criminal justice intervention. An approach to male-to-female violence, that views the criminal justice system not only as a means of punishment, but also as an institution for expressing human rights norms is advocated.     

税法的交易定性理论

交易定性在税法分析中占有举足轻重的地位。交易定性围绕认定纳税主体、税收客体的有无、定性和量化以及由此延伸的税收管辖权等税企争议的关键环节展开。在单一合约交易,法律关系与交易定性具有同一性,税法与私法呈协调与融合状态;在复合交易、"名—形"冲突或"名—实"冲突的虚假交易,合同性质与交易定性分道扬镳,税法与私法呈现冲突与龃龉。实务中,交易定性应从行为和所得主体的"名—实"冲突或"形—实"冲突、"法律关系"和"交易定性"的协调与冲突、税收客体的"定性"与"定量"的决定关系中来把握,凸显税收活动的法律属性、交易定性与法律关系的辩证关系和税法追求实质正义的精神气质。     

官员公正与社会和谐

构建社会主义和谐社会是一个系统工程,公平正义是构建和谐社会的伦理要求,官员公正则是构建和谐社会的基石,因而,寻求实现官员公正对构建和谐社会至关重要。     

效率和公平——论我国个人所得税法修改的原则性方向

个人所得税法是一部直接与千家万户切身利益相关的法律,应体现效率和公平原则。我国现行个人所得税法尚存在效率不高和公平缺失的现象。应借鉴国外相关税法改革的经验,本着提高税收效率、公平调节社会财富分配的原则加以修订。