Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Multiple Explosive Compound Classes on a Single Instrument via Flow‐Injection Analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A flow‐injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry (FIA MSMS) method was developed for rapid quantitative analysis of 10 different inorganic and organic explosives. Performance is optimized by tailoring the ionization method (APCI/ESI), de‐clustering potentials, and collision energies for each specific analyte. In doing so, a single instrument can be used to detect urea nitrate, potassium chlorate, 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylmethylnitramine, triacetone triperoxide, hexamethylene triperoxide diamine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine, nitroglycerin, and octohy‐dro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine with sensitivities all in the picogram per milliliter range. In conclusion, FIA APCI/ESI MSMS is a fast (<1 min/sample), sensitive (~pg/mL LOQ), and precise (intraday RSD < 10%) method for trace explosive detection that can play an important role in criminal and attributional forensics, counterterrorism, and environmental protection areas, and has the potential to augment or replace several of the existing explosive detection methods.     

Duel or Dual: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Parenting Coordination for Uber‐Conflicted Parenting Relationships

Parenting coordination for families struggling with severe conflict can be challenging for both the family and the parenting coordinator (PC). These families can put an inordinate strain on the PC as they lobby their positions and try to bias the PC against the other parent. The interdisciplinary dual‐PC model is an innovative approach using aspects of the collaborative practice model to enhance the efficacy of the process while utilizing the strengths of both disciplines. Through a case illustration, the identification of the family dynamics and situations that give rise to use of this approach shall become clear. This article also demonstrates the potential benefits to both the family and the PCs. All aspects synthesize into a cohesive, well‐balanced approach to the uber‐conflicted parenting relationships.     

桃红四物汤对脑微血管内皮细胞-PC12细胞共培养体系缺糖缺氧再灌注损伤模型的保护作用

目的 观察桃红四物汤对脑微血管内皮细胞-PC12细胞共培养体系缺糖缺氧再灌注损伤模型的保护作用。方法 采用氧-葡萄糖剥夺再恢复的方法诱导脑微血管内皮细胞（brain microvascular endothelial cells, BMECs）和PC12细胞共培养体系的缺糖缺氧再灌注损伤模型,并通过流式细胞仪检测PC12细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平,酶联免疫吸附法检测丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性,采用Western Blot法检测Bcl-2、Bax和缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）的表达水平。结果 桃红四物汤促进PC12细胞的活力,抑制细胞凋亡和ROS的产生,抑制MDA的活性,增强SOD和GSH-Px的活性,上调HIF-1α和Bcl-2的表达并下调Bax的表达。结论 桃红四物汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用可能与抗氧化作用有关。     

天麻素通过下调ERK1/2-p38信号通路保护谷氨酸损伤的PC12细胞

目的 研究天麻素（gastrodin，Gas）通过调控ERK1/2-p38信号通路保护谷氨酸损伤的PC12细胞。方法 建立谷氨酸损伤的PC12细胞模型；甲基噻唑基四唑比色法测定细胞活力；Hochest 33258染色荧光显微镜观察细胞凋亡形态；罗丹明123染色流式细胞术检测细胞线粒体膜电位；Western blot法检测细胞内p38、ERK1/2、p-p38、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达。结果 天麻素明显抑制谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞凋亡，在0.1~10 μmol/L剂量范围内呈一定的量效关系；天麻素升高谷氨酸损伤引起的细胞线粒体膜电位的降低，下调p-p38、p-ERK1/2蛋白的表达。结论 天麻素对谷氨酸损伤的PC12细胞具有保护作用，其机制可能与升高线粒体膜电位水平，下调p-p38、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达，抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

人大学的法学之维

人大学在法学知识体系中的产出量、重要学科地位有待提高。不宜继续沿用"人大制度学"、"人大制度研究"等称谓,一般应采用"人大学"、"人大法学"等称谓。人大法真包含于宪法,但是,宪法学真包含于人大法学,不过,宪法学与人大法学真包含于人大学。研究的主体是人大法及人大法学,反对片面地从研究内容上将人大学与宪法学完全割裂开来。以往人大学研究的理论苍白,很大程度上与研究方法的边缘性知识熏陶、训练之缺乏有关。人大学的法学之维阐释是永无止境的,惟其如此,不断提高人大学的理论性与实用性并希冀给法学人们能在这个领域不断追求知识增量的愿望和持久的信仰。     

Out on a Limb: Appointing a Parenting Coordinator with Decision‐Making Authority in the Absence of a Statute or Rule

This Article addresses the issue of whether a court may appoint a Parenting Coordinator (PC) with decision‐making authority in the absence of a statute or court rule. The Article identifies possible sources of authority for the appointment of a PC with decision‐making authority in a state with no authorizing statute or court rule. It also provides a paradigm for constructing an appointment that allows for the benefits of Parenting Coordination but does not delegate decision‐making authority to an extent that it would constitute an impermissible delegation of judicial authority.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Where a court seeks to appoint a PC with decision‐making authority in the absence of an authorizing statute or court rule, the court may find some authority allowing the appointment in (1) its equitable authority over child custody and visitation, (2) its authority to enforce its own orders, or (3) its authority to appoint other extrajudicial assistants such as a special master or mediator.
• Where a court seeks to appoint a PC with decision‐making authority in the absence of an authorizing statute or court rule, the court must craft an appointment that delegates enough decision‐making authority to the PC for parenting coordination to be effective yet, at the same time, not so much decision‐making authority as to render the appointment an impermissible delegation of a judicial function, specifically:
  • The PC's role should be limited to assisting the parties in implementing custody and visitation terms already decreed by the trial court.
  • A PC should be appointed only if the parties to the divorce consent to the appointment or if the trial court makes a finding that the case is a high‐conflict case.
  • The parties must have the opportunity for the trial court to meaningfully review any decision of the PC so that the trial court retains ultimate decision‐making authority.

     

石菖蒲水提物对PC12细胞增殖及细胞突起的作用

目的 研究石菖蒲水提物对PC12细胞增殖及细胞突起的作用，观察药物是否具有神经营养功能或促进细胞分化的功能。方法 采用细胞计数试剂盒检测不同浓度的石菖蒲水提物对细胞活力的影响；采用Image J软件统计PC12细胞的梭型细胞率、细胞分化率、细胞突起长度及阳性细胞分化率，以评价石菖蒲水提物对细胞分化的影响。结果 石菖蒲水提物在完全培养条件和低血清培养条件下对PC12细胞增殖有显著的促进作用，对细胞突起的长出、分支、延伸有明显的抑制作用。结论 石菖蒲水提物具有一定的神经营养功能。