船舶留置权法律制度的特殊性

对船舶留置权、以船舶为客体的留置权和一般留置权的法律定义进行比较,分析船舶留置权所担保的债权合同、被占有船舶的权属、受偿顺序以及实现方式等特殊内容,指出完全以一般留置权的法律规定适用于船舶留置权,无法公平有效地解决船舶留置权在实践中遇到的各种问题,《中华人民共和国海商法》有必要另行规定船舶留置权法律制度,以维护相关各方的合法权益。     

《中华人民共和国物权法》背景下在建船舶抵押权的实现

《中华人民共和国物权法》给在建船舶抵押权的担保范围、变更、物上代位、行使条件和方式、顺位、行使期限等抵押权实现问题带来一定影响,弥补了《中华人民共和国海商法》关于实现在建船舶抵押权的许多空白,修订了在建船舶抵押权的实现原来适用《中华人民共和国担保法》相关规定时的不合理之处。但关于在建船舶抵押权对抗第三人的范围、在建船舶浮动抵押制度、在建船舶的接管转让等方面仍存在不足,应对上述内容进行特别法上的修改,使在建船舶抵押权的实现更符合法理,更适应造船业发展的需要。     

Effect of Choice of Measure on the Size of a Racial Disparity

In criminological studies of racial disparities the effect of race on outcomes is assessed after statistical controls for other variables. There is no universally accepted measure of size of disparity after controls in the most common type of disparity study: the study of binary outcomes. Some such studies use a measure that lends itself to interpretation in terms of the proportional reduction in error (PRE). Most use a non-PRE measure of association. This study investigates the effect of choice of measure on conclusions about the size of a disparity after controls. For illustrative purposes the study analyzes data on the awarding of sentence reductions to drug traffickers. After controls, blacks are found to be substantially less likely than whites to receive a reduction according to a type of non-PRE measure: an odds ratio derived from a logit model. But using the same data and model, PRE measures obtained from an ROC analysis indicate that, after controls, there is hardly any difference between the races in their likelihood of sentence reduction. Results illustrate the study's thesis: that the choice of measure can powerfully affect conclusions. The findings' implications—for policymakers and for researchers who conduct racial disparity studies—are discussed.     

法学教育与法治启蒙

法治并不仅仅是一种制度,也是一种信念和生活方式。因此,推行法治不仅要进行法律移植和制度完善,更重要的是要进行法治启蒙。但由于多种因素的影响,我国法学教育的法治启蒙功能却未能有效发挥出来,制约了法治秩序的真正建立。为此,我们必须进行深度的法学教育改革,充分发挥法学教育的法治启蒙功能,推进法治国家的早日形成。     

紧急状态对西方法治的挑战及其理论反思

运用紧急权应对紧急状态已经成为一个日益棘手的问题。西方的法治与紧急状态是矛盾的。我国的法治及其民主建设应该从西方法治与紧急状态之间的矛盾汲取有益的经验和教训。     

虚假共犯的可归责性初探

虚假共犯的可归责性讨论了行为人假装具有犯罪意图,客观上实施了帮助或者鼓励实行犯的行为,是否能被归责的问题。虚假共犯是否具备共犯的犯罪心态是该问题的核心。美国判例倾向于共犯心态的着力点在对犯罪结果的共同认识。在实用主义指导下,虚假共犯＂不可告人的动机＂与犯罪心态的界限会受到模糊,从而平衡现实利益,达到实质正义。     

论互联网社交在法治社会建设中的功能

作为一个同法治国家、法治政府相区别的概念,法治社会命题致力于实现社会生活的秩序化、法治化,并尤其强调社会力量对国家法治建设的推动作用,试图借助多元社会主体的参与来型构法治发展的动力基础。准确认识当下的社会状况,充分挖掘现有的社会力量,是开展法治社会建设的正确路径。在当代,互联网信息技术的纵深发展日益改变着现代社会的交往模式,并塑造出互联网社交这一新型的社会关系形态。互联网社交的出现与发展孕育了以网络为介质的社会力量,使社会逐渐获取了同国家对话并参与国家法治建设的能力。互联网社交在法治社会建设中的功能可以从四个向度获得理解:互联网社交缔造着网络公共空间的公民品格;互联网社交孕育了网络社会的自治能力;互联网社交构成了民主参与的"非正式"渠道;互联网社交提供了权力制约的社会手段。     

论受贿罪的共同犯罪

共同受贿犯罪,其主体之一必须是身份犯,其实行行为,则必须是利用职务之便实施的。身份犯互相勾结共同受贿,可以是简单共犯,也可以是复杂共犯。而为他人谋利则是客观要件,是实行行为。身份犯与家属相勾结,只能是复杂共犯,家属不能成为实行犯,其接受财物的行为只能是帮助行为,负从犯责任。     

论电子政务的理论基础——以“价值支配科技”的基本观念为核心

电子政务是一把双刃剑 ,在提高行政效率的同时可能损害民族文化的多样性和公民基本权利保护的法治价值。为此 ,必须确立“价值支配科技”的哲学理念 ,认真审视普遍存在的电子政务泡沫 ,整合现代信息化理论、新公共管理理论和法治国家理论 ,为我国电子政务的良性发展构建系统的理论基础。     

The Possibility of Lawful Act Economic Duress: Pakistan International Airlines Corp v Times Travel (UK) Ltd

The voidability of a contract procured by ‘economic duress’ is now well-established, but the precise boundaries of the doctrine remain contested. In Pakistan International Airlines Corp v Times Travel (UK) Ltd [2021] UKSC 40, the Supreme Court confronted the longstanding controversy as to whether a threat to perform a lawful act can provide grounds for a threatened party to avoid a contract for economic duress. This note argues that the Court's decision to affirm the existence of ‘lawful act duress’ is welcome. It is further argued that the specific kind of lawful act duress identified by the majority and relevant to determining the appeal, described as ‘deliberate maneuvering via illegitimate means’, provides helpful (and defensible) clarification of the content of this doctrine, and that the Court was correct to hold that the contract in Times Travel was not voidable on this basis.