Dépendance et luttes politiques au Kenya, 1975–1977: Ia bourgeoisie nationale à l'assaut du pouvoir d'État

Rural West Africans confront a challenging array of circumstances in pursuit of their livelihoods, which are negotiated through repertoires of knowledge, skill, wisdom and information that are held individually, communally or as the prerogative of experts. Of some significance is timing: finding the most effective or propitious moment for action. On the farm, anticipating the beginning and progress of the rains is crucial and sought through the empirical observation of natural phenomena, or as in northwest Nigeria additionally through agricultural star calendars and almanacs by Muslim clerics. Furthermore, some clerics use divination to identify propitious moments for their clients whereby they may achieve success in non-farm jobs and businesses that are an integral part of rural livelihoods. Taking action to achieve particular outcomes on and off the farm raises issues about local people's understanding of the physical world and their place within it, and the power of religion and the supernatural. An appreciation of such matters would appear to be crucial for those from the scientific and technological North who may be attempting to transform African societies.     

DISCUSSION - Agricultural Policy Reform and Rural Livelihoods in Central Mexico

This contribution examines the impact of profound changes to agricultural policy implemented since 1988 on the livelihoods of Mexico's rural population. Detailed studies in four villages show that rural incomes are very unevenly distributed within communities leaving half of households in poverty. During the last decade key factors affecting village economies have been international and national, rather than specific changes to farm policy. Most changes have been to the detriment of the communities studied, but peasant households have adapted and survived, at a price. If the worst fears about the consequences of economic liberalisation have not been realised, neither have the hopes. Depressed markets for basic goods and services have limited the growth of the rural economy. Private investment and provision of services have not been stimulated.     

Farm Conflict in France and the Europeanisation of Agricultural Policy

This article investigates farm conflict in France from 1958 to the present in relation to the dynamics of Europeanisation. The framework emphasises how institutions shape farm conflict by mediating market forces, structuring the political opportunities of contending groups and shaping their world views. The analysis investigates the relationship between institutional politics and contentious politics at three junctures of the development of the CAP: its formation (1958-69), consolidation (1970-87), and reform (1988 to present). The findings suggest that European institutions have played a significant role in the production and transformation of farm conflict in France.     

海南城镇化发展及其休闲农业为主的产业支撑调研

海南城镇化率低,但仍保留较好生态环境,为发展休闲农业提供了良好条件。该文提出,海南城镇化发展路径是通过在广大乡村地区发展种养业,在城镇内开发农产品加工业,为休闲农业提供旅游商品。在这一过程中,创造就业岗位,吸引劳动人口向城镇聚集,从而加速城镇化进程。     

江西农业合作化运动的回顾与反思

在全面贯彻落实党的十七届三中全会精神过程中,认真回顾与反思江西农业合作化运动,对我们今天实行农业合作化,推进农村改革有很大的启示。就江西省委对中央农业合作化道路决策的贯彻执行情况而言,江西农业合作化运动以1955年7月毛泽东严厉批判“右倾保守”思想为分界线,分为截然不同的两个阶段,呈现出从稳步推进到紧跟冒进的动态演进过程。从江西农业合作化运动的失误来看,超越当时的国情、省情,人为地加快合作化进程和拔高合作化形式必然会受到惩罚,蒙受损失。     

产权规则、责任规则及农地征用规则的选择

对于法律应该有一个正确的定位,即它仅仅是市场中影响交易的众多制度之一,我们要将市场的观念引入法律的领域,用效率的视角来考察法律,以期合理利用法律促进社会总体福利。在这方面,美国的许多学者在规则选择和适用领域做了有意义的探索和尝试。本文的目的就是对相关的理论做一个简单的介绍,并且以此为基础考察一下我国农地征用领域适用的规则问题。     

我国农产品质量安全区域化管理法制建设研究

农产品质量安全关系到公民多项权利,更关系到政治稳定、经济发展与社会和谐。对农产品质量安全实行区域化管理,打破传统的管理方式,实现结合区域实际情况进行有针对性的管理,将有效推进我国农产品质量安全保障工作。正是农产品质量安全区域化管理法制建设具有多维的法价值尤其是安全价值,凸显了对农产品质量安全社会公共利益的重要性。在农产品质量安全区域化管理法制建设中要以安全为首要价值、以社会公共利益为基本理念,有效推进我国农产品质量安全保障进程。     

三农问题背景中的村民自治

三农问题的解决,需要宏观上的努力,更需要微观上的努力。村民自治,是中国村民自主解决农村公共问题,进行公共管理,提供良好公共服务的重要制度安排。要发展良好的村民自治,关键之一是需要有一个良好的法律安排。因此,系统分析村民委员会组织法的具体规定,着眼于如何完善村民自治,分析其存在的缺陷,提出修改思路,是在制度上解决三农问题的微观保障。     

农业结构调整的制约因素及应对策略

当前农业结构调整存在着许多制约因素,如缺乏理论指导、缺少产业组织引导、缺少社会资本介入以及各种制度障碍。应积极引进各种社会资本参与农业结构调整,鼓励农业产业组织的发展,并为农业结构调整提供必要的制度支持。     

加入WTO对我市农业的影响及对策

加入WTO以后,我市农业面临着新的挑战与发展机遇。全面认识加入WTO对我市农业的影响,采取行之有效措施,趋利避害,进而促进我市农业和农村经济的发展,进一步加快我市农业现代化的进程。