The political economy of ‘flex trees’: a preliminary analysis

With the rise of ‘bioeconomy’, trees are receiving increasing attention. This contribution conducts a preliminary analysis of the trajectories and the main drivers of change in the rise of new, flexible and multiple uses of trees. It assesses the political dimensions involved in this transformation, which is simultaneously ongoing, anticipated and imagined. Notes are offered on the issues to be considered when the flex-crop framework is operationalized to include the study of trees, and additional conceptualizations that help in analyzing the political economy of tree uses are provided. Areas needing further empirical study are identified and a preliminary research agenda is suggested. The flexible and multiple use of trees and tree-derived commodities is having a large impact on power relations in the global political economy of forestry and the forest industry, the asymmetry of which is based on who is best able to flex or de-multiply, thereby controlling commodity webs and processing technology. It is argued that while flexing seems to increase diversity, in practice it typically increases this only for the processing industry; the converse occurs in terms of the unification of the productive base into monocultures. However, these two processes go hand in hand, and illustrate how flexing is a deeply capitalist process.     

The political economy of global firms from India and China

This article attempts to build a bridge between contemporary studies of global firms from emerging economies and existing theories in comparative political economy. It argues that given the primacy of the state as an economic actor in developing countries, the variety of capitalism literature could provide a theoretical foundation for firm-level analyses of emerging market multinationals. For example, the authors suggest that China and India may be moving towards a ‘hybrid market economy’. They also offer a typology of Indian and Chinese corporates to demonstrate an empirical approach to analysing domestic business–government relationships and the ways in which these firms are shaped by the peculiarities of their respective institutional setting. Finally, they identify some of the likely pitfalls of doing cross-national comparisons of emerging market multinationals, particularly with respect to the reliability of corporate data.     

正确把握人类社会发展的总方向--谈如何认识资本主义发展的历史进程

资本主义的现实运行包含着发展与衰退两种趋势.当代资本主义的新发展表明,资本主义仍然具有较强的自我调节能力和较大的发展潜力.但是,资本主义的自我调整是在资本主义制度框架内进行的,资本主义的新发展并没有消除其基本矛盾,也不可能改变社会主义代替资本主义这一人类社会发展的总方向.     

析资本主义拜物教的意识形态根源

马克思关于资本主义社会普遍存在的拜物教现象所作的精辟分析是建立在对资本主义社会的历史唯物主义阐释之上的,理解这一意识现象除了从经济、社会的维度把握其产生的根源,还要了解其意识形态根源,拜物教思想既有古老的宗教意识残留同时也是启蒙运动的产物,人的解放及人的需要的发展和放大对拜物教思想的盛行起了机杼性的作用。     

论俄国资本主义时期的农业经济

俄国在1861年改革后半个世纪的资本主义农业经济发展过程中,地主经济落后于农民经济发展水平。地主经济的特点是资本主义与半封建关系交织在一起。地主经济在农业生产总规模中所占比重较低,且不断缩小;绝大多数土地集中于少数地主手中,地主向农民出租土地;过高的租金与地租成为农民的主要负担,严重阻碍了农民经济的发展。在整个资本主义时期,农民经济是俄国农业生产的主力军,是农业生产中的主要形式;在资本主义农业进化过程中,地主经济压迫了农民经济的发展,正如列宁所论:地主经济在经济上是起反作用的。     

全球化时代的社会主义理论与实践

全球化作为一个客观的历史进程 ,是当今世界经济和生产力发展到一定阶段的产物。文章针对全球化对资本主义及社会主义的影响和结果进行了深入地探讨。社会主义只有不断改革自身、适应时代的要求 ,才能求得生存、发展。     

马克思的全球化思想与"跨越论"的逻辑关系

全球化思想贯穿于马克思研究资本主义的整个思想进程,马克思对资本主义发展过程的分析与对全球化进程的分析在逻辑上是一致的。与马克思对于资本主义的研究相对应的是他对于共产主义社会实现形式的预测,这一预测分为马克思早年的“共同胜利论”和晚年的“跨越论”两个阶段。马克思这两个阶段的理论并不是相互割裂的,“跨越论”是“共同胜利论”的逻辑结果,而其内在的逻辑动因则是全球化。     

当代世界的主要共产党对社会主义理论的探索

目前，资本主义世界的各国共产党不仅在冷战后坚持了下来，而且在当代社会主义理论探索上获得了较大的成就；对苏东剧变的性质和原因有了进一步的认识；对当代资本主义的新变化有了进一步的认识；对当代社会主义的许多问题有了新的认识；对党的性质，奋斗目标，指导思想，组织原则，革命道路和对外政策等问题都有许多新的认识。     

从金融危机看社会主义的生命力

“次贷危机”在美国爆发，并逐渐演变为金融危机在世界范围内蔓延，使得资本主义国家经济纷纷跌至谷底。而社会主义中国则有力抵御了其强烈冲击，保持了国民经济稳定有序的发展，在全球一片乱局中“风景这边独好”。这足以看出社会主义的生命力和社会主义制度的优越性。     

Politics of Violence

Abstract

Simon Critchley's Infinitely Demanding makes a timely contribution to contemporary debates in ethics and political philosophy. For all its originality, however, one can raise critical questions concerning Critchley's account of the forms of resistance possible within liberal democratic polities. In this article I question the adequacy of Critchley's ethically based neo-anarchism as a response to neo-liberalism, critically analysing the role of ideology in his account of the motivational deficit afflicting capitalist liberal democracies.