地方政府公共服务供给能力:影响因素与实现路径

公共服务均等化是和谐社会的重要内容,而地方政府公共服务供给能力提升是公共服务均等化目标实现的重要保障。传统观点认为,地方经济或财政实力决定地方政府公共服务供给能力,但是,我们认为公民参与、社会组织、信息沟通、电子政务技术等对地方政府公共服务供给能力提升更具影响力。在公共治理理论框架下,本文分析了影响地方政府公共服务供给能力提升的经济、政治与社会综合因素,并在此基础上,提出了系统提升地方政府公共服务供给能力的实现路径。     

Reanalysis of the Trotter Tibia Quandary and its Continued Effect on Stature Estimation of Past‐Conflict Service Members

Forensic casework from past‐conflicts relies on the corrected historical Trotter data for stature estimation in Fordisc. For roughly 10 years’, stature estimation using this data has produced point estimates for the tibia that are on average 1.25 inches less than the other long bones. This issue was identified after applying the equations derived from Fordisc to the USS Oklahoma commingled assemblage. Reevaluation of Fordisc revealed that a correction factor of 20 mm, instead of 10 mm, was mistakenly applied to the Trotter tibia data. Historical forensic anthropology reports written at the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency were utilized to identify that the overcorrection is isolated to Fordisc 3 with an error rate of 5% of known antemortem statures falling outside of the prediction intervals that relied on the tibia. Further evaluation of the Oklahoma sample indicates the 10 mm correction is still producing point estimates less than the other long bones.     

Sociodemographic variations in the linkage between emotion regulation and peer victimization

Sociodemographic variables may have important implications for understanding the role of global and discrete-level emotion regulation ability in the prediction of elementary school children’s peer victimization. We tested this hypothesis in a sample of 109 elementary school children from economically and racially diverse backgrounds. There was a positive relation between sadness regulation and overt victimization for children in early elementary grades, but not for children in later grades. In addition, there was a positive relation between sadness regulation and relational victimization for boys and a negative association between the two variables for girls. Girls were rated higher than boys on global emotion regulation ability. In addition, economically disadvantaged children reported more relational victimization than their more affluent peers. Affluent children also received higher ratings on global emotion regulation as well as sadness regulation. Anger regulation was also positively associated with overt victimization.     

Measuring the impact of public perceptions on child welfare workers

The Public Perceptions of Child Welfare Scale measures how the social environment influences child welfare workers, including their job satisfaction and intent to leave. Psychometric studies have validated the scale for private child welfare workers, but there are no validation studies with public agency staff. This study fills that gap, showing stigma and respect are important constructs that also predict worker intent to leave. This research found an additional construct, blame, which was not present in private worker validation studies. The scale provides an important tool for the field as we continue to build evidence for effective recruitment and retention.     

Effect of History and Context on Forensic Pathologist Interpretation of Photographs of Patterned Injury of the Skin

In a previous study, a survey‐based analysis of pathologist diagnoses of patterned injury was performed. Subjects were provided with photographs of “classic” injuries and asked to diagnose the lesion in the absence of history or context. There was a relatively low diagnostic consensus among respondents. A second survey suggested that the disparate answers were not due to a strong belief in different diagnoses, but instead reflected how the respondents dealt with ambiguity. A third survey was created that asked participants to evaluate patterned injuries of the skin, but provided history and contextual information. The addition of history and contextual information increased consensus from a median of 80% to 98% on a per‐question basis. Confidence increased from a median of 56%–92%. These results demonstrate the importance of history and context in medical diagnosis of patterned injuries of the skin.     

Factors associated with desistance from violence in prison: an exploratory study

Desistance from crime has been of increasing interest within criminal justice literature, but desistance from offending behaviour whilst in custodial environments has not yet been investigated. Violence within prison establishments continues to be a significant problem; therefore, this study investigated the factors that are associated with desistance from custodial violence in 63 UK Category C adult male prisoners with a record of violence in prison. Participants completed measures of eight social and subjective factors associated with desistance in community samples. Those who had desisted from prison violence for 12 months or more showed greater levels of pro-social attitudes, agency and resilience than those who persisted in violence. Agency independently predicted desistance and this was particularly the case for younger offenders. Internal shifts appeared to be supported by a positive work environment. It is concluded that in custody an internal shift in perspective is especially important for desistance, and that this can be supported by the social environment. Opportunities to intervene may be greater in younger prisoners. It is recommended that current initiatives in developing agency and positive social interaction, such as Psychologically Informed Planned Environments, are further developed.     

论影响成人外语学习的个人因素障碍

文章认为由个人因素造成的障碍是影响成人学习外语的主要因素,其中最主要的有心理障碍、记忆障碍和学习障碍。据此,对成人外语的学习与教学提出了一些建议。     

新马分家之经济因素探析

在导致新马分家的诸多因素中,经济因素显然占据着重要地位。在新马合并之前,经济上的预期收益曾是推动合并的动力之一。然而,在马来西亚成立后,新马在经济上不仅没有出现“双赢”的局面,反而产生了尖锐的经济矛盾。经济合作的失败在一定程度上推动了新马走向分离。     

缅俄关系的发展演变及其影响因素分析

缅俄关系的发展是基于现实利益的相互需求,缅甸需要俄罗斯在安理会的支持,利用俄罗斯来实现其大国平衡政策和多边主义外交以及巩固新军人政权。而俄罗斯的南亚、东南亚和印度洋战略,乃至其实施能源战略都需要发展对缅关系。     

灾后日元升值初探

短期来看,日元汇率没有因经济受到巨大损失而贬值却转向迅速升值在于投资者形成"保险机构或企业资金的资金回流"的预期,投机力量就借助这个题材不断的推升日元。长期来看,这一轮日元升值并不是因贸易摩擦、美国压迫日本的结果,而是与金融危机过程中动荡的国际货币体系有关。日元在国际货币体系内主要执行价值贮藏的功能,而其贸易结算功能相对较弱。日元快速升值的根本原因是日元在估值上存在升值压力,以及日元发挥避险货币和套利交易的作用。中日两国都面临着美元贬值的巨大风险,可采取相互增持对方货币资产的方法,逐渐减少降低外汇储备中美元的比例,建立区域汇率稳定性机制。