论票据诈骗犯罪

随着市场经济的不断发展,使用票据进行支付和资金清算的交易越来越多。由于监管制度不全,利用票据进行诈骗的犯罪也日益增多。文章论述了票据诈骗犯罪的概念及犯罪构成,票据诈骗犯罪的手段及特点;票据诈骗犯罪产生的原因及对策,提出了在票据诈骗案件侦破过程中应注意的三个问题。     

坚持科学发展观是解决边缘群体问题的根本出路

当前边缘群体的存在实际上已成了一个社会问题。解决好这个社会问题不仅关系到农村和城市的社会进步,而且关系到全面建设小康社会目标的实现。只有坚持科学发展观,才能从根本上解决边缘群体问题。     

关于加快长春市"三大中心"建设步伐的思考

长春市第十次党代会提出了要“把长春建设成为现代制造业中心、区域性物流中心和科教化中心”的目标。建设“三大中心”,应在优先发展、整体推进、各有侧重的原则指导下,通过转变政府职能,构建行政支撑体系;实施人才兴业战略,构建人才支撑体系;开展诚信工程建设,构建诚信支撑体系等来加快“三大中心”建设的步伐。     

‘A confession of ignorance’: deaths from old age and deciphering cause-of-death statistics in Scotland, 1855–1949

A large amount of the research undertaken in an attempt to discover the reasons underlying the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century mortality decline in Britain has relied on the statistics published by the Registrars General. The processes by which individual causes of death are recorded and then processed in order to create the statistics are not, however, well understood. In this article, the authors build on previous work to piece together a time series of causes of death for Scotland, which removes many of the discontinuities encountered in the published statistics that result from the Registrar General deciding to update the nosology, or classification system, which was being used to compile his figures. Having regrouped individual causes of death to ‘smooth’ the time series, the authors use the new groups to examine the changing causes of death in Scotland for selected age groups, before turning to undertake a detailed examination of mortality amongst those aged 55 or more. The authors find that when deaths from ‘old age’ in the latter age group are separated from other ‘ill-defined’ causes, it becomes obvious that there was a ‘rebranding’ of cause of death. The authors then use individual-level data from two Scottish communities to further dissect the roles played by ‘informants’ and ‘doctors’ in this rebranding, in order to see how these roles may have altered over time and what the consequences might be for one's view of how mortality changed in Scotland between 1855 and 1949. Finally, the authors argue that their findings have important implications for some of historical demography's most prominent theories: the McKeown thesis and the theory of epidemiological transition.     

对影响我国警察职业化发展因素的分析

内因是事物发展的根本原因,外因是事物发展的条件,二者相互作用,而同为事物发展的我国警察职业化,在其发展过程中遇到的问题自然也是无法避开这个哲学辩证关系。因此,本文立足于外因和内因二者的哲学辩证关系,对影响我国警察职业化发展的外部因素和内部因素进行分析。     

Increased lung weight in fatal intoxications is not unique to opioid drugs

Fatal intoxications with opioids are known to be associated with an increased lung weight, as well as with brain and pulmonary edema and urinary retention. However, there is evidence to suggest that fatal intoxications with non-opioid substances are also associated with increased lung weight; however, the latter aspect has not been comprehensively analyzed. To determine to what extent opioid and non-opioid substances are associated with increased lung and brain weight, we studied these organs in cases where the cause of death was attributed to intoxication with a single agent. Using data from cases autopsied at the National Board of Forensic Medicine (NBFM) in Sweden from 2009 through 2019 where the cause of death was attributed to a single substance, we created models of combined lung weight and brain weight. The models used age and sex as predictors as well as nested varying effects for the specific intoxicant and category of intoxicant. Suicidal hanging with negative toxicology cases served as controls. The population majority was male among both intoxications (68%) and controls (83%). The most common single substance group was opioids. All tested substances were associated with heavier lungs than controls, with the largest effect in the opioid group. Our findings show that several substances are associated with increased lung weight and that among intoxication deaths there is no difference in expected brain weight between substances. Hence, heavy lungs, without a reasonable explanation, should prompt a broad toxicological screening.     

关于青少年违法犯罪的心理特点分析

青少年违法犯罪问题已成为一个非常严重的社会问题。文章从青少年的认识水平、自我意识发展、情义需求、欲望、生理需要等方面,分析了青少年违法犯罪的心理特点,并从青少年的个性结构特征、环境影响、网络影响、学校教育、家庭因素以及个体主观方面等讨论了青少年违法犯罪心理的形成原因,最后就如何从社会、网络、学校、家庭、心理学等方面构建青少年违法犯罪心理的预防体系,最大限度地预防和减少青少年违法犯罪,提出了相应的对策。     

Undetermined Manner of Death: An Autopsy Series

A manner of death may be ruled undetermined by the forensic pathologist when there is insufficient information about the circumstances surrounding the death to make a ruling. The aim of our study was to retrospectively analyze a series of autopsy cases that were classified as undetermined manner of death after complete investigations. In all, 48 cases were examined. In 23 cases (48%), the cause of death was determined. The most frequent cause of death was toxic death (n = 11). More than one manner of death was deemed conceivable for most cases (n = 39). The most frequent and the most probable manner of death was accident (n = 37). Homicide was not excluded in about 23% of the cases. Our study showed that the manner of death may remain undetermined despite an established cause of death, and even when two or more conceivable causes of death are considered. Our study pointed out that undetermined manner of death covers a wide range of situations and that homicide may be underestimated.     

二维红外光谱用于急性心肌缺血猝死的鉴别研究

目的采用衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术检测急性心肌缺血猝死大鼠的血清分子特征,探讨二维红外光谱鉴别急性心肌缺血猝死的法医学价值。方法成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为急性心肌缺血猝死组(实验组)和空气栓塞死组(对照组),血清样本行ATR-FTIR检测,应用OMNIC软件进行光谱预处理并求二阶导数光谱,分别计算两组原始光谱及二阶导数光谱的相似度,并应用Matlab R2010a软件建立二维光谱模型。结果实验组与对照组的大鼠血清的原始红外光谱在峰形、峰位、峰强度均极其相似,相似度达99.78%,二阶导数光谱显示出两者相似度降至98.62%,二维光谱模型显示两组光谱在1 625cm~(-1)、1 550cm~(-1)、1 080cm~(-1)及860cm~(-1)附近的成分差异,且它们的自动峰个数不相同,提示两组在蛋白质、糖原、核酸等分子含量存在较明显差异。结论仅从一维光谱上难以区分出两组的分子差异,二维红外光谱可以直观、有效地反映出急性心肌缺血猝死与空气栓塞死的大鼠血清分子差异,有望应用于法医学死因鉴别。