电商经济是虚拟经济吗？——物质文化视野下的电子商务

中国电商经济的发展已取得举世瞩目的成就，但围绕它的质疑和批评也不少。制造业的支持者认为它是生产泡沫的“虚拟经济”，指责它冲击了自身行业所代表的“实体经济”。既有的学术研究也将互联网和线下的物质世界对立，预设互联网是非物质的存在。文章从物质文化研究的角度提出电商经济对信息技术装备、个体经营和生活设施、商业配套设施、公共服务设施和产业基础条件的依赖揭示了它的物质属性，解构了电商经济作为非物质虚拟经济形式的迷思。与此同时，作为物的电子商务也在和人的互动中生产着新的文化形态。它塑造从业人员某些特殊的日常生活实践，这些实践在电商卖家和其他人群的利用之下变成了富有社会功能和象征意义的文化元素。把握这一物与人的互动过程有助于我们更好地了解电子商务嵌入人们日常生活进行意义生产的方式。     

Can We Protect How We Do What We Do? A Consideration of Business Method Patents in Australia and Europe

In the long history of monopolies, business method patents area novel and recent edition. In the Digital Age, where time ismoney and speed is everything, innovative methods for undertakingbusiness are as important to a business as the products or servicesit provides to its clients. In recent years several reviews,conducted in both Australia and internationally,⁴ have questionedthe appropriateness of patenting business methods. This paperreviews the availability of business method patents in Australiain light of the 2006 decision of the Full Court of the FederalCourt in Grant v Commissioner of Patents,⁵ which confirmed theneed in Australia for a ‘useful product’ to issuefrom the working of a method (business or otherwise) in orderfor the method to be patentable. This paper will review argumentsboth criticising and defending business method patents and considerwhether business methods warrant special treatment.     

E-Commerce and Industrial Upgrading in the Chinese Apparel Value Chain

The economic and social gains from electronic commerce (e-commerce) that promote innovation, industry upgrading and economic growth have been widely discussed. China’s successful experience with e-commerce has had a positive effect in transforming consumer-goods sectors of the economy and motivating economic reform. This article looks at how e-commerce reduces barriers to entry and enables firms to move up the value chain by using the global value chain framework to analyse the impact of e-commerce on the upgrading trajectories and governance structures of China’s apparel industry. For large Chinese brands, e-commerce has enabled end-market diversification. For small- and medium-sized enterprises, e-commerce has facilitated entry with functional upgrading as well as end-market upgrading. In the “two-sided markets” created by platform companies, the “engaged consumers” are the demand side of this market, and “e-commerce focused apparel firms” are the supply side of the new market. Consumers and platforms are more directly involved in value creation within this emerging internet-based structure.     

电子商务交易前消费者权益的法律保护

电子商务是一种非面对面交易，法律应建立一个畅通的渠道，保证消费者在交易前充分了解商品和服务的真实情况、了解经营者的身份信息及商业信誉等，据此，电子商务交易前消费者权益的法律保护措施应包括这样几个方面：转变消费者的信息获取方式、确立经营者的在线信息披露义务、明确C2C交易中自然人的经营者身份、建立电子商务经营者的信誉评价机制。     

建立适合中国农业的电子商务模式

农业电子商务是一种先进的商务模式,它可以改进我国农业市场流通中存在的突出矛盾。由于中国农村市场的突出特点,决定了在我国开展农业电子商务必须走多层次、多形式的路子。建立适合中国农业的电子商务模式是开展中国农业电子商务的关键。     

跨境电商知识产权风险的应对——以中国电商在美被诉为例

自2012年以来,从事跨境电商业务的中国电子商户持续遭遇来自美国的侵权诉讼,极大地影响了中国电子商务海外业务的拓展。为有效应对跨境电商侵权诉讼、推动我国跨境电商业务的良性发展,一方面,电子商户需要加深对域外知识产权法律及司法程序的了解,强化权利意识,尊重他人知识产权和自己的诉权;另一方面,政府及行业协会也应在协调组织应诉、建立行业规范方面发挥积极作用。同时,我国应积极推动建立和完善规制跨境电商行为的国际协调机制,尝试建立司法协助和联合执法机制,探索利用数字技术加强知识产权侵权防范和监管的新途径,融入以数字化技术推动贸易全球化的浪潮中。     

Mistaken identity,identity theft and problems of remote authentication in e-commerce

The problem of mistaken identity in e-commerce transactions brings together seemingly unrelated issues: privacy, network security, digital signatures – and classic contract law. Combining an academic exercise with the practical implications of the insecurity of the Internet, this paper draws some unexpected conclusions regarding cases of mistaken identity and exposes flaws in popular legal arguments on the subject. Problems of mistaken identity must be analysed afresh with a number of factors in mind: the more widespread use of fictitious identities in on-line transactions, the higher incidence of identity theft and the greater difficulty of authenticating the other transacting party. The trend to preserve the privacy of Internet users indirectly clashes with efforts to ensure transactional security in e-commerce. An indispensable prerequisite of the latter is the ability to identify the other party to the contract. The problem of mistaken identity is not new – but it assumes a different scale in e-commerce transactions.     

Service Sector Productivity: B2B Electronic Commerce as a Strategic Driver

Information technology, and especially the Internet, are exerting an increasingly large and broad influence on industrial structures and measurement and evaluation of such fundamental concepts as risk, the value and benefits of intangibles such as intellectual capital, brand-related goodwill, and service sector productivity. Identifying the key value-adding factors underpinning productivity in the service sector has always been a significant challenge but with the advent of the WWW and the broad diffusion of Internet-enabled technologies and transacting modalities such as electronic commerce, this challenge has become even harder. In this paper, we compile a number of empirical case studies from industry where the use of electronic commerce has served as a strategic differentiator in pushing the service productivity envelop and in maximizing customer value added. Specifically, we examine the impact of electronic commerce on the process and petroleum industries. We profile in detail the role of electronic commerce as a strategy-enabling, infrastructural, path-breaking and general-purpose technology that if properly leveraged, can lead to radical improvements in both quality and productivity in services, thus helping re-define and re-shape the core structure and relationships in the industries it impacts. We end by identifying best practices in deploying electronic commerce as a strategic agent of change within and across firms and industries in the pursuit of increasingly higher levels of service sector productivity and quality.     

网络交易平台提供商的法律定位

目前我国法律关于网络交易平台提供商的义务并无明文规定,各种纠纷发生后其所应当承担的法律责任如何认定亦是法律上的一个难题。网络交易平台提供商在性质上是独立于交易双方的中介,其通过平台的技术支持,实现交易的自动完成。因此,对于网络交易平台提供商不能完全套用现有的法律进行规制,应当根据其自身的特点设定其应当承担的法律义务及法律责任。网络交易平台提供商对于注册用户之间的交易纠纷应承担过错责任。     

对我国电子商务合同相关法律问题的探讨

随着互联网技术的突飞猛进,电子商务在发达国家及国内开展得十分活跃,而电子商务合同作为电子商务运转的 重要基础和工具也被人们广泛运用,极大地推动了数字经济的发展。2005年4月1日我国第一部《电子签名法》 将正式实施,对于电子商务所涉及的电子交易安全问题,法院有了一部认定和裁决的法律依据。试图从电子商务 合同的特点及其订立和履行中所涉及的法律问题进行一些探讨。