我国侦查透明制度的建构

侦查是现代刑事诉讼程序一个重要构成部分。我国侦查理论与实践长期以来奉行侦查保密原则。事实上,侦查本质上是一种程序构造,理应符合程序正义的基本要求。因此,在坚持侦查保密原则不动摇的前提下,主张一定程度的侦查透明,这是程序正义的应有之义,也是现代法治国家的必然要求。侦查透明有其独立的理论依据和价值基础。要在我国实现侦查透明,必须相应地采取一些具体的措施。     

公正：构建和谐社会的伦理基石

和谐社会包括人与自然的和谐、人与社会的和谐以及人与自身的和谐。在和谐社会的诸多价值诉求中,公正是和谐社会的首要价值和伦理基石。构建和谐社会必须首先从美德公正和制度公正这两个维度着手。     

Empathic emotions and justice in society

Empathy is defined as an affect more appropriate to another's situation than to one's own. The paper (i) summarizes different modes of empathic affect arousal; (ii) shows how empathic affect may interact with social-cognitive development, to produce four levels of empathy development; (iii) suggests that causal attributions may transform empathic affect into sympathy, guilt, and empathic anger, which are major moral affects; (iv) discusses how these affects may influence moral judgment and behavior; (v) points up empathic morality's limitations and the need to embed empathy in relevant moral principles; (vi) discusses possible links between empathy and justice principles, with special focus on Rawls; (vii) illustrates the interplay of empathy, moral judgment, and justice; and (viii) suggests that moral principles may become hot cognitions.     

Integrating societal and psychological rules of entitlement: The basic task of each social actor and fundamental problem for the social sciences

A preliminary statement of a theoretical framework integrating psychological and societal determinants of justice in human affairs is presented. It is proposed that the social structure provides the rules of entitlement and decision making that regulate the course of routine social interaction. These societally based norms are representable in people's conscious thought processes. By contrast, the psychologically generated rules of entitlement, typically contradict conventionally accepted rules of thought and discourse and thus remain unconscious. The major part of the discussion considers the motivationally important circumstances that engage the unconscious psychologically compelling determinants and how their appearance in behavior is both shaped and legitimized by the situationally prevailing normative context. The final section considers some of the more important methodological, theoretical, and social policy implications of this social psychological theory of entitlements.     

How Surrogate Impact Panels Function in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed-Methods Study

ABSTRACT

Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be an urgent social problem, despite decades of intervention and prevention efforts. Restorative justice programs (e.g., victim impact panels) may be a useful addition to intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention, but it is unclear how these panels operate and to what extent they are consistent with restorative justice models. This naturalistic study of IPV surrogate impact panels used ethnographic observation of panels (n = 18), archival analysis of audience responses to the panel (N = 287), and focus groups and interviews (k = 4) with IPV survivors, an audience member, and batterer intervention providers to investigate these gaps. Findings suggest the panels manifest interactional processes consistent with restorative justice principles. Implications, limitations, and future aims of research on these panels are discussed.     

Unclogging Courts by Targeting Litigant Incentives: The Case of the Brazilian Labour Justice Reform

Overburdened courts hinder economic and social progress, yet successful court reforms are rare. Instead of boosting judicial resources or adapting procedure, Brazil tackled persistent backlogs and delays in its labour courts by replacing the pre-existing each-pays-their-own-costs (American) rule for allocation of litigation expenses with an alternative loser-pays-all (English) rule. Using a newly assembled court-level panel dataset and difference-in-differences approach, we show that the reform alleviated the courts' demand pressures and, most importantly, increased court efficacy in both adjudication and enforcement. The Brazilian experience offers valuable policy lessons about viable court reforms for other jurisdictions.     

坚持事实与价值的统一促进人与自然和谐发展

人类社会发展是人与自然、人与人和谐发展的过程,而在以往事实与价值冲突的机械发展观的指导下,人类陷入只关心自身利益、忽视客观规律的发展困境。这有着深刻的认识论根源。当前,我们要注意做到以下几点:合规律性与合目的性的统一;社会选择与个人选择的统一;生态效益与生态公平的统一,真正使事实与价值协调,促进人与自然、人与人的和谐发展。     

形式正义:刑事侦查的程序价值分析

刑事侦查程序不仅应当具有致成自由、秩序等的实体性价值 ,而且应当具有独立、中立、平等、参与、科学等程序性价值或者说形式价值。我们在构建公正、科学的现代刑事侦查制度时 ,必须充分关注和考量刑事侦查程序的形式正义性     

侵权行为法归责原则演进的法理学思考

侵权行为法归责原则的演进适应了民法从个人主义本位向社会本位的转变。演进的过程从个人的视角观察,实现了人的解放与发展;从社会发展的角度看,体现了以效率为追求的进化性发展路径。归责原则的演进实现了司法视角的转换,但无过错责任原则并没有否定矫正正义的价值取向。     

美国不当搜查对策体系析解

经过两百多年的发展,美国建立了相当发达的不当搜查对策体系。不当搜查对策体系确立的基础是国家的诉讼价值取向及社会对“正义误差”的认知层次,正是确立基础的变化决定了不当搜查对策体系发展和完善的方向。