Descriptive Study of Precursors to Sex Offending among 813 Boys and Girls: Antecedent Life Experiences

In order to understand the precursors to sexual offending among youth and the associated gender differences, the records of 813 sexually abusive children (659 boys and 154 girls) referred for an evaluation of their sexually inappropriate and coercive behavior were reviewed and coded. These children ranged in age from 3 to 18 when they committed their first hands-on offenses. All were under the care of the Massachusetts Department of Social Services either prior to or as a result of their behavior. Principle findings included: (1) a high proportion of girls (19 percent) in a sample of children flagged as sexually abusive to other children, (2) an exceptionally high base rate of severe maltreatment and associated clinical and psychiatric sequelae, and (3) girls were significantly more likely to be sexually abused, and when sexually abused the abuse lasted longer, was more severe, and involved more perpetrators. In addition, the girls were significantly more likely to witness domestic violence and to witness sexual deviance within the home. For all other types of abuse, there were no group differences, and (4) all of the children were subjected to a very high level of caregiver instability.     

强制性信息披露规则产生动因的法经济学分析——兼论强制性信息披露的限度

在证券市场上,强制性信息披露规则对保证投资者获得充分的信息,从而作出正确的投资决策具有重要意义。本文主要从法经济学的角度运用公共产品理论、博弈论和成本收益分析方法对强制性信息披露规则的产生动因进行揭示,并在此基础上对强制性信息披露规则的限度进行了探讨。     

Self-reported crime rates of women prisoners

This paper presents findings from the first study of female prisoners' self-reports of criminal activity. Using the criminal career paradigm to frame the analysis, self-reported estimates of crime participation and frequency rates were examined for eight felony crimes. Important similarities between women and men were found in overall patterns of crime. Specifically, a small proportion ofboth women and men described committing a large portion of the total crimes reported. These data also suggest that women and men are similar in violent crime participation — a finding that varies from the current literature. Once active in a crime type, women and men committed assault, theft, and forgery at significantly different rates; no gender differences were found in the annualized frequency rates of burglary, robbery, motor vehicle theft, fraud, and drug dealing. However, although statistical differences were not found in the overall frequency of drug dealing, specific patterns of drug dealing reflected considerable gender variation, with a larger proportion of the female sample committing very frequent (daily) drug dealing activity. The findings reflect the value of the criminal career paradigm for the study of gender differences. Future research should include largescale quantitative designs that allow detailed analyses of correlates of the distinct criminal career dimensions.Points of view are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice.This research was funded in part by the National Institute of Justice, Grant 87-IJ-CX-0048.     

Childhood Abusive and Supportive Experiences, Inter-Parental Violence, and Parental Alcohol Use: Prediction of Young Adult Depressive Symptoms and Aggression

Issues in both the children of alcoholics and child abuse literatures were addressed in an attempt to disentangle the effects on young adults of growing up in alcoholic homes versus abusive homes. Using multiple regression, retrospective reports of parental abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual) and parental support (love/support, independence, and fairness), witnessing violence between parents, and parental alcohol use were used as predictor variables for outcomes noted by both literatures. When the effects of all other predictors were statistically controlled, parental alcohol use was not significantly related to depressive symptoms or aggression. Different abusive and supportive behaviors, depending on sex of parent and sex of participant, were significant predictors of both depression and aggression. Results underscore the importance of including and controlling for inter-parental violence and for different types of child abuse (especially emotional abuse) and parental supportive behaviors in investigations of outcomes related to abusive and alcoholic families. Implications for treatment of individuals from these families are discussed.     

造就“品牌农民工”之我见

造就一个个叫得响的“品牌农民工”,可以使务工农民在劳务的转移过程中显示出其独特的魅力,成为市场有力的竞争者。在品牌“包装”下,农民工利用自己的“无形财富”,可以获得更多的就业空间,增加更多的收入。     

我国东、中、西部地区农民财产性收入差距探析

党的十七大报告首次明确提出"创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入",基于数据统计分析我国东、中、西部地区农民财产性收入差距变化趋势与原因,进一步缩小收入差距,提高农民的财产性收入,需大力发展中、西部地区农村经济,完善农村金融市场,增强农民理财观念。     

中西方不同文化下的面子理论研究

随着经济一体化的形成,中国与西方的经济往来越来越频繁。由于文化背景不同,言语交际中存在着多种多样的困难与障碍。其中,"面子"理论的不同就是一个主要问题。探讨了在中西方不同文化下"面子"理论的不同以及分析了造成理论不同的原因,从而避免跨文化交际失败。     

发展文化产业是规避“中等收入陷阱”的有效路径

当前,我国各种经济社会矛盾相互交织,必须警惕落入＂中等收入陷阱＂。要积极推动文化产业跨越式发展,使之成为新的经济增长点、经济结构战略性调整的重要支点、转变经济发展方式的重要着力点,为推动科学发展提供重要支撑。要站在国家战略的高度,大力发展具有中国特色的社会主义文化产业,深化体制改革之路,大力推进产业集群之路,不断内化自主创新之路,始终坚持和谐发展之路,规避＂中等收入陷阱＂。     

检察机关在违法所得没收程序中的地位和职责

我国新《刑事诉讼法》规定的“犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得的没收程序”具有刑事审判程序、对物程序、缺席审判程序及无刑事定罪程序的法律特征。检察机关在该程序中作为公诉机关向人民法院提出申请,其权力性质仍属于公诉权,同时作为法律监督机关依法履行法律监督职责。     

International Research on Gender Differences in Higher Education： An Inspiration to China＇s Cultivation of High-Potential Female Talent

女大学生是中国女性高层次人才的重要后备力量。伴随着越来越多的女性进入高等学校的大门,我们需要进一步关注高等教育过程中的性别差异问题。本文通过介绍西方女性主义学者对传统人的发展理论的批判,以及对高等教育过程中存在的性别差异及其影响因素的分析,以期对中国女性高层后备人才培养机制的发展有所启发。