视听资料证据效力探讨

视听资料作为一种独立的诉讼证据种类 ,其合法性取决于制作、收集与证据合法性三者之间的结合关系。对视听资料的采信应采取“真实采信例外”的原则 ,对侵害被监听人合法权利之外的视听资料 ,应由法官自由裁量。     

我国司法鉴定前置程序的缺失与建构

在诉讼中案件要件事实涉及专门知识时,法官需委托司法鉴定人对其进行专业性的事实进行判断并得出结论.大陆法系司法鉴定人被视为法官之事实审辅助人,帮助法官进行专业性事实认定,司法鉴定结论在案件中的作用举足轻重.作为入口的司法鉴定前置程序是结论客观、公正性的基础,尤其检材和鉴定资料的真实性具有决定性意义.通过公正的司法鉴定前置程序,保障鉴定材料的合法性、真实性,能够最大限度实现司法鉴定结论的公正性.     

论院校图书资料馆的建设

院校图书馆的建设水平的高低是院校水平的标志 ,是院校图书馆是综合性的知识信息库 ,系图书资料室是院校图书馆的分支和补充 ,是专业性的知识信息库。图书资料网络化是院校图书资料馆建设的方向。     

宪法学教材建设与宪法学研究关系探微——基于两版教材的样本分析

宪法学教材建设是宪法学课程教学的重要一环，对于初入法学之门的学习者来说，宪法学教材作为宪法学基础理论研究成果的结晶，是其最直观地了解宪法学基础理论、宪法规范与宪法制度的媒介。选取我国不同时期在宪法学界产生重要影响的两本适用于法学专业本科教学的有代表性的教材为样本，分析我国宪法学教材在宪法学体系的构建、宪法概念的界定、宪法的静态与动态研究等方面的变化，进而探讨宪法学教材建设与宪法学研究二考的关系在于，宪法学教材反映宪法学研究的最新成果，而宪法学研究中出现的问题同样会反映在教材之中。     

个人信息保护机制的构建

个人信息的开示是一把双刃剑，既有利于信息交流和资源共享，也会造成对公民隐私权的侵害。构建一个合理的个人信息保护体系，需要从完善立法、规范公权等方面加以努力。     

以学生为本，注重实用性：关于高职高专商务英语教学探讨

文章主要从商务英语概念，教学目的与目标。高职高专商务英语教材建设，教学方法的改革等方面，探讨了如何提高高职高专商务英语的教学水平。     

Identification of incinerated root canal filling materials after exposure to high heat incineration

With the increase in global terrorism there is a higher probability of having to identify victims of incineration events secondary to incendiary explosive devices. The victims of incineration events challenge forensic odontologists when coronal restorations are no longer present to compile postmortem data. With 40 million root canals being completed annually in the United States, a very large pool of antemortem data is available to the forensic odontologist to make positive identifications. When complete and thorough dental records exist, individuals that have undergone surgical and nonsurgical root canal therapy may have materials present in the canal that may aid in identification. This study provides elemental fingerprints of root canal obturation materials to be utilized as a forensic identification aid. This study used scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) to assess the elemental composition of materials before and after high temperature incineration. Sixteen endodontic materials were analyzed pre-incineration and placed in extracted teeth. The filled teeth were subjected to incineration at 900 degrees C for 30 min to simulate incineration events or cremation. Incinerated materials were radiographed and re-analyzed to determine if they retained their original elemental composition. Endodontic sealers, gutta percha, root-end filling materials, silver points, and separated files were distinguishable in the canal and traceable after incineration. The authors present a fingerprint of the endodontic obturation materials that are capable of withstanding high heat incineration to be used as an aid for postmortem identification. This work represents the initial stage of database generation for root canal filling materials for use as an aid in forensic identification.     

The Revised German Raw Materials Strategy in the Light of Global Political and Market Developments

Raw material markets have proven to be challenging in recent years. The so‐called critical raw materials (CRMs), which are required for green technology, have particularly high environmental and supply risks. The revised German raw materials strategy attempts to address challenges of production and supply of CRMs and other mineral‐based raw materials. This contribution analyzes the motivation, measures, goals, and challenges of the German raw materials strategy in the light of global economic and political developments, applying the qualitative method GABEK®. Results show that the revised strategy is more ambitious and reaches farther than the initial strategy of 2010. Challenges that remain include the lack of willingness of the German industry to engage in mine production and the more pro‐active political approaches demonstrated elsewhere. As all major economic powerhouses outside of Europe pursue a hands‐on approach, it remains questionable if the revised German raw materials strategy will fundamentally be able to sustainably secure raw material supply for the German industry.     

X‐ray Powder Diffraction for Characterization of Raw Materials in Banknotes

We report about the X‐ray powder diffraction characterization of crystalline materials used to produce genuine and counterfeit banknotes, performed with a single‐crystal diffractometer that permits fast and nondestructive measurements in different 0.5‐mm sized areas; 20‐euro denomination genuine banknotes were analyzed, and results were compared with counterfeit banknotes. The analysis shows that the papers used to print real banknotes are composed, as expected, of cotton‐based cellulose and titanium dioxide as crystalline additive, but different polymorphs of TiO₂ for different emission countries are evidenced. The counterfeit banknotes are composed of cellulose based on wood pulp; moreover, an unexpected significant quantity of TiO₂ was found to be mixed with calcite, indicating that the paper employed by forgers is not simply a common low‐cost type. The crystalline index and intensity ratios between the peaks attributable to cellulose and fillers can provide additional information to trace back paper suppliers for forensic purposes.     

Color Stability of Dental Restorative Materials Submitted to Heat Sources,for Forensic Purposes

During postmortem examination of the dental arches of carbonized victims, dental restorative materials may be found. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat source action on the color stability of composite resin (CR) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations, to discriminate between them and compare with antemortem dental data. Sixty bovine teeth (30 CR and 30 GIC) were prepared (6 × 6 × 2 mm) and separated into groups (n = 10). The color readouts were taken by spectrophotometer, before and after heat action (100°C, 200°C, 300°C), in an oven for 15 min. There were color alterations for all coordinates (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa* eΔb*) for both materials. GIC presented greater change. The authors concluded that it is possible to distinguish between the materials by the color changes analyzed by instrumental method, helping victim identification.