学术不端行为规制的正当程序

学术不端行为规制涉及重要的个人基本权利。美国法院运用正当程序条款,针对学术不端行为案件确立了司法审查标准,防止任意的和错误的剥夺个人自由和财产。该司法标准强调程序性正当程序的适用,不仅保护了个人的基本权利,也规范了学术机构在处理学术不端行为时的程序,促进了学术自由和学术繁荣,为我国规范学术不端行为提供了有益的参考。     

当前个人极端暴力事件研究分析———以“失意群体”为视角简

在社会转型的特殊历史时期,“失意群体”已成为当前我国个人极端暴力事件的主要制造者。“失意群体”制造的个人极端暴力事件背后,是社会结构剧烈变动所造成的一系列社会失范现象,以及由此引发的个人心理、行为的失调及社会控制功能的弱化,并在此基础上产生背离性越轨行为。基于默顿的越轨社会学理论,对“失意群体”的疏导与调控亟需从根本上消融“失意群体”产生的社会基础,即对收入调节制度、社会流动机制、社会保障制度、利益表达机制、法律救济途径等进行再建构,以达到利益的均衡、社会的稳定和谐。同时,要充分发挥社会控制的综合协作功能,强化多元社会控制,并采取更有针对性的化解策略,以逐步减少此类事件发生的概率。     

“四风”隐形变异的特征、根源与治理对策

随着党风廉政建设的深入推进,“四风”问题隐形变异、反弹回潮的现象不容忽视,不仅影响了党群干群关系,而且关乎党心民心,是全党和人民群众的公敌。当前“隐蔽”送礼、“转战”吃喝、“套牌”公车、“拆分”婚丧嫁娶、“变相”占用办公用房、“调研”旅游、“痕迹”督查、“庸懒散慢”等“四风”表现,体现了其具有长期性、反复性、顽固性、隐蔽性等特征。新时代深化作风建设,务必要以习近平总书记关于纠正“四风”的重要论述为指导,持之以恒地进行治理:加强政治建设,提高政治站位,夯实主体责任;加强学习教育,规范党内生活,弘扬廉政文化;加强制度建设,完善考核机制,抓住“关键少数”;加强监督执纪,强化联防联查,发挥长效合力,全面营造风清气正的政治生态。     

Does Inmate Behavior Affect Post-Release Offending? Investigating the Misconduct-Recidivism Relationship among Youth and Adults

Recent scholarship has highlighted the potential implications of in-prison experiences for prisoner reentry and, in particular, recidivism. Few penological or reentry studies, however, have examined the relationship between one experience that may be especially consequential, inmate misconduct, and recidivism. The goal of this study is to address this gap in the literature by employing a matching design that estimates the effect of inmate misconduct on reoffending, using data on a release cohort of Florida prisoners. The results indicate that inmates who engage in misconduct, violent misconduct in particular, are more likely to recidivate. Consistent with prior scholarship, we find that this relationship holds only for adult inmates. These findings underscore the importance of prison experiences for understanding recidivism, examining youthful and adult inmate populations separately, and devising policies that reduce misconduct.     

Testing the Influence of Community Characteristics on School Misconduct

This study examines the effect of dynamic and structural community characteristics on school misconduct. Data include over 45,000 students in the eighth, tenth, or twelfth grade in 237 schools. Hierarchical linear models tested the direct and interactive effects of community measures, while accounting for student and school characteristics. Community substance abuse norms as well as perceptions of community crime and disorder mediated the influence of concentrated disadvantage on school misconduct. Interaction effects demonstrated that community substance abuse norms were more influential for students enrolled in schools that had a less positive school climate although individual and school characteristics remained robust predictors of school misconduct. School misconduct is influenced by the characteristics of the surrounding community and school context, as well as the interaction between those contexts. Research relying on census data measures of community characteristics may underestimate community influence on school misconduct, and omit proximal community influences on school misconduct.     

论学术不端行为的法律规制

制度缺陷是学术不端行为出现的主要原因。近年来,学术不端行为频发,道德诚信约束的局限性尽显,法律法规应作为规制学术不端行为的主要手段。我国规制学术不端行为的相关立法存在着立法层级较低、相关规范存在冲突和立法空白、规定过于原则而缺乏可操作性等问题。应建立健全规制学术不端行为的法律体系,制定《科研诚信法》和相关法律法规,提高学术不端行为的违法成本,完善学术诚信相关法律法规的执行程序,保障我国科研事业健康发展。     

Policing Race,Gender, and Sex: A Review of Law Enforcement Policies

Growing attention to the unique ways in which women of color’s bodies are racially profiled and policed has prompted questions concerning gender-specific impacts of law enforcement practices. Arrest statistics, patterns of enforcement, and high-profile cases of police violence against Black women and other women of color suggest that gaps in policy and implementation will disproportionately affect women of color. In the current research, the policies of 36 police departments across the country were examined to ascertain the degree to which they address profiling, police sexual misconduct, and other gendered experiences of policing. The findings reveal considerable divergence in attention to regulating police behavior in the context of interactions with women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, exposing important gaps in police policies, and highlight a need for further research and action specifically focused on intersectional factors at play in the context of policing women’s bodies.     

Prison misconduct among female inmates with mental disorders,substance abuse/dependence,and co-occurring disorders in Taiwan

This survey study attempted to address two research questions: (1) whether female inmates with either singular mental illness or singular substance abuse/dependence disorders were more likely to break institutional rules in prison than their disorder-free counterparts; and (2) whether female inmates with both mental illness and substance abuse/dependence disorders (CODs) were more likely to engage in misbehaviour than either disorder-free or singularly disordered women during the course of their confinement. The current study employed a sample of 643 female inmates and the data for analyses contained information on inmates’ CODs, mental and substance abuse/dependence disorders, and pre-prison and prison experiences. The results showed that female inmates with CODs committed the most misconduct in prisons, but no significant effect was found on prison misconduct among inmates with singular disorders and disorder-free female inmates. Possible explanations for these results were suggested, and public policy implications were discussed in the concluding section.     

Correlates of prisoner misconduct

Using a nationwide sample of 5586 state-prison inmates, relationships between the frequency of officially reported institutional misconduct (as reported by the inmates) and certain preinstitutional and institution-related inmate traits were examined. Findings indicate that rule-breaking behavior is associated with being young, black, and male, having a relatively high number of prior convictions, having been unemployed prior to incarceration, and having been imprisoned for a relatively long period of time. Furthermore, such misconduct shows no relationship to domestic status, educational achievement, alcohol and drug problems, military service, income level, current offense, interaction with family and friends outside of prison, hours spent outside of cell, and daily activity. Policy implications are addressed. Misconduct is considered within the broad context of interaction among inmate traits, prison-level characteristics, and extrainstitutional factors.Earlier version presented at the 1984 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Antonio.     

防治少年不良行为的根本对策

根据日本对少年不良行为的统计分析,近年来日本少年总犯案率逐年递减,但是恶性刑事案件却有所增加。现行日本对少年的不良行为虽然采取了各种各样的防治措施,但是仍然有不尽人意的地方,比如,警察的过分干预,《少年法》的缺陷等都限制了对日本少年不良行为的矫治。要研究和找出产生少年不良行为的根本原因,要制定出切实可性的防治少年不良行为的根本对策。