Value Creation: A Coordination Game

Strategy in negotiation is often modeled as an activity involving the interplay of creating and claiming behaviors. Theorists have advanced differing perspectives on what game best describes the consequences of choosing one approach over the other. David Lax and James Sebenius offer the prisoner's dilemma game as a model, whereas Richard Walton and Robert McKersie's analysis is consistent with a version of a classic coordination game — namely, the game of “chicken.” This article revisits these two perspectives and shows that the Walton–McKersie view is applicable to a broad range of contexts. In particular, it demonstrates how what is commonly called the tension between creating value and claiming is better understood as the simple tension between a high‐risk and a low‐risk choice.     

中国工会在构建和谐劳动关系中的合作博弈

市场经济中的劳动关系是生产过程中生产要素之间的经济利益关系.在我国劳动关系中出现的不和谐根源于利益关系的失衡,并直接危害到我国的经济发展、政治稳定和社会和谐.面对劳动力市场化过程中的社会转型及利益主体多元化,符合中国国情的工会行为模式,是在法律制度框架下表达、维护和实现劳动者权益,以合作博弈方式达成劳资之间的利益平衡....     

我国经济区域内地方立法间的博弈论分析——以长三角经济区域为例

作为地方政府宏观调控主要手段的地方立法由于各地方利益间的相互冲突而不能进行立法合作,致使区域经济各地方间存在恶性竞争等不利现象,使区域一体化迟迟难以实现。博弈论研究决策主体行为发生相互作用时的决策及这种决策的均衡问题。以长三角经济区域为例,将博弈论引入我国经济区域内地方间立法,可以建立创设性立法构架,指导其协作性立法。     

地方政府合作中的利益博弈和机制创新

中国区域经济的发展需要地方政府紧密合作,但地方政府间利益冲突使得合作过程产生了不确定性并导致一系列问题。本文在博弈理论的框架下对这些问题进行了系统分析并进而研究其解决机制。     

论公共决策中的公民参与

公共决策中的公民参与是经济政治发展的必然产物,作为衡量一个国家民主化程度的重要标准受到越来越多的关注。中国的公民参与存在一些限制性因素,与公众高涨的参与热情相冲突。应该在充分肯定公民参与价值的基础上,区分政策类型、寻找灵活的参与方式,满足公民参与的要求。从多方面努力,建立起有序的、常态的公民参与体制。     

对"维稳"的理性思考

邓小平同志在改革初期提出了稳定压倒一切的思想,为我国改革开放,摆脱经济困境创造了有利的政治及社会条件,使我国经济发展取得了巨大成就。但同时伴随改革而产生的问题和矛盾也在不断积累。近年来,群体性事件不断发生,反映了市场经济建立初期社会结构的分化,市场机制不健全及社会失序。因此,在稳定与发展的关系上,我们应当与时俱进地看稳定,以市场的角度看稳定。稳定压倒一切的基础条件已经发生了变化,稳定是手段,改革与发展才是目的。     

Terrorism and Profiling

A key problem for counterterrorism is how large numbers of individuals can be screened most efficiently to discover terrorists. This question arises at security checkpoints of all kinds, from roadblocks to airline security counters. Some argue that certain categories of individuals, for instance, young Muslim men in the airline context, should be screened more heavily than others. Others deride this as racial profiling, and argue that any such scheme would be easily evaded. I examine a model of searching for terrorists among a population divided into categories that vary in their potential reliability or ease of recruitment as agents of terrorist attacks. The equilibria in the model feature profiling, in that different categories are searched with different intensities. Practical difficulties in implementing a rational profiling scheme are discussed.     

The Constitutionalisation of Party Unity: The Origins of Anti-defection Laws in India and Israel

In spite of a pronounced increase in the number of states that have adopted anti-defection laws over the past several decades, the literature on party unity in democratic legislatures has paid scant attention to understanding the conditions that lead to the adoption of such restrictive measures on the mobility of elected deputies. This article seeks to fill this gap. The authors provide a simple game-theoretic model to explain the passage of anti-defection measures in India, in 1985, and Israel, in 1991. These two democratic states were among the first to experiment with the constitutionalisation of anti-defection measures. Moreover, their comparison is important because although these laws were adopted under seemingly very different circumstances, they were supported with a strong consensus by both the government party, or coalition, and the opposition. It is argued that the reasons for the passage of the anti-defection laws in these two states were rooted in the strategic consequences of the changes that took place in the format of their party systems. The Indian and the Israeli cases show, respectively, that a dominant party system (India) and a tightly balanced bipolar party system (Israel) provided equally compelling incentives for rampant party switching between government and opposition, which therefore created an incentive for both sides to agree to, and adopt, a strict legislative measure to curb defections.     

过度劳动形成机理的博弈分析

我国预防过度劳动的相关制度、措施与愈演愈烈的过度劳动问题形成巨大的反差，为了缓减过 度劳动现状，探究其形成机理显得尤为重要。研究运用博弈论方法对过度劳动的形成机理从强制性过劳和诱致 性过劳两个方面进行剖析，指出强制性过劳和诱致性过劳的影响因素。在此基础上，提出完善劳动监察立法 , 增大违法成本；在工资制度、激励制度制定中充分发挥工会的作用并构建适度劳动的衡量机制，健全人力资源 管理制度；以科学手段预防“过劳死”问题等措施，来缓减过度劳动现状。