Case law of the EPO Boards of Appeal in 2006

Legal context: The article reviews significant decisions handed down by theBoards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) in 2006,concentrating on decisions of the Enlarged Board and the Boardsof Appeal issued in 2006 and published or to be published inthe OJ EPO. Key points: The article discusses the application of Art. 24 EPC on exclusionand objection to members of the boards of appeal in the lightof the following decisions: G 1/05, T 281/03 and J 15/04; referralspending before the EBA on the subject of divisional applications(Art. 76 EPC and R. 25 EPC) and exclusion from patentabilityunder R. 23d(c) in conjunction with Art. 53a EPC; and decisionsof technical boards of appeal on exclusions from patentability(Arts. 52 (2)(3) and (4) EPC), the requirement of industrialapplicability (Art. 57 EPC) and re-establishment of rights (Art.122 EPC). Practical significance: The article provides an overview of the 2006 case law of theboards of appeal which is particularly useful since most ofthe decisions discussed have not yet been published in the OJEPO. The author is critical of the recent case law on the applicationof Art. 24 EPC (exclusion and objection to members of the boardsof appeal) and reports on several decisions of particular legalinterest.     

从思想政治工作到行政文化建设——新时期思想政治工作的困境与转型

进入新时期新阶段,随着思想政治工作基础和环境的变化,主要是政党从革命到执政的转变、经济从计划到市场的转变、政府从全能到有限的转变和社会从整体到个体的转变,传统思想政治工作正面临着对人民群众和公务员群体双重作用缺失的困境。行政文化与思想政治工作具有共同的属性,是对传统思政工作的创新和超越。因此,新时期加强思想政治建设,应不断加强服务型行政文化、法治型行政文化、民主型行政文化和科学型行政文化的建设。     

俄联邦被判刑人的法律地位

本文介绍了在俄罗斯联邦受到刑罚处罚的犯罪分子所应拥有的法律地位。从中可以了解其与我国的罪犯的法律地位的异同之处，希望能够对我们在刑罚执行过程中提供可借鉴之处。     

政府管制失灵成因及其法律规制

由于政府管制者符合“经济人”的假定、政府管制者的信息严重不足或失实、政府管制者的多层次性、政府管制者与利益集团的博弈等原因,致使政府管制行为失灵。为此,必须建立规范政府失灵的措施以防止政府管制失灵。本文主要论述了如下措施:建立国家机关控权、社会控权与行政权自控机制相结合的控权机制,建立实体控权、程序控权、救济控权相结合的控权机制,实施管制成本效益分析、有效选择管制方式等措施。     

虚开增值税专用发票罪客观行为的共犯论展开

《刑法》第二百零五条第四款对虚开增值税专用发票罪的客观行为方式进行了明文列举。其中，让他人为自己虚开，是立法上对必要共犯中的对向行为进行处罚的特别规定。介绍他人虚开，本属于虚开增值税专用发票的帮助行为，本条的规定是将共犯行为实行行为化，也应认为是一种特别规定。自然人介绍单位之间虚开增值税专用发票的，对自然人不应适用死刑。     

SEX EDUCATION LEFT AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE SCHOOL DOOR: STRICTER REQUIREMENTS FOR PARENTAL OPT‐OUT PROVISIONS

Current state law creates the risk that, if sex education is not provided to a child in public school, no similar instruction will be given to the child. Legislatively enacted opt‐out provisions give parents broad control over their child's education by granting them the option to have their child excused from any sex education requirements within a public school's curriculum. Through public school sex education, professionals provide youth information aimed at protecting them from the dangers of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A stricter statutory opt‐out provision should be enacted by state legislatures that only allows parents to excuse their child from sex education after a parent attends a 90‐minute STD prevention course and receives the instructional material used in the school's sex education curriculum. Parents should be provided up‐to‐date information and a structural framework designed by the school to encourage them to discuss with their child the many sexual issues addressed within a school's sex education curriculum.     

做好“三个一”推动监狱工作良性循环发展

推进监狱工作良性循环发展，重在强化思想政治工作，解决好民警队伍建设过程中价值观、职业追求、能力与心态问题，使干部队伍在平凡的工作中体现价值，在平凡工作中成就事业。     

废旧家电回收利用主体法律责任比较研究

废旧家电回收利用,将会对环境及资源产生很大的影响,回收利用不同主体法律责任的承担是回收利用过程中的关键问题,成为研究废旧家电回收利用问题的一个重要的课题。发达国家在废旧家电立法方面走在世界的前列,借鉴发达国家的立法经验,结合我国的国情及立法现状,对我国废旧家电回收利用主体法律责任立法进行研究显得尤为必要。     

二次创业:中国仲裁发展的必由之路

新仲裁机构组建已近十年,在过去十年取得了辉煌的成就,基本完成了一次创业,目前正开始更为艰苦的“二次创业”。本文首先简单回顾了一次创业向二次创业转变的过程,然后从仲裁融入市场经济、服务市场经济;扩大规模,提高质量、树立品牌;走仲裁专业化和国际化发展之路;重视网上仲裁以及仲裁理论研究等几个方面对二次创业的主要内容进行了详细论述,最后对二次创业的前景进行了展望。     

A discussion of the merits of random man not excluded and likelihood ratios

DNA mixture interpretation is undertaken either by calculating a LR or an exclusion probability (RMNE or its complement CPI). Debate exists as to which has the greater claim. The merits and drawbacks of the two approaches are discussed. We conclude that the two matters that appear to have real force are: (1) LRs are more difficult to present in court and (2) the RMNE statistic wastes information that should be utilised.