巴伯奖学金与近代中国女性留美:途径、专业与意义

本文考察了巴伯奖学金制度的理念、设立、运作模式及其对近代中国女性留美的重要影响.1918年设立的巴伯奖学金是密西根大学第一个主要只针对亚洲女性的奖学金.它的设立目标是鼓励提高妇女地位,向亚裔妇女灌输西方理念,增进东西方理解.巴伯奖学金的设立影响深远,不仅成为中国女性赴美留学的重要通道,造就了许多卓越的女性人才,还为她们提供了一种救国救民的示范.设立近一个世纪的巴伯奖学金已经成为美国高等教育关注女性问题、少数族裔问题的象征,值得中国高等教育借鉴.     

警察权力运行的规范与制约

警察权力是一项强大的公共权力,它一旦被滥用,会直接侵害公民的人身和财产权益,具有很大社会危害性。尽管近期我国对警察权力的运行作了进一步规范,但并未确立完善的警察权力的运行机制,导致警察权力侵害公民合法权益的事件频仍。任何权力都应受到限制,只有对警察权力的运行进行规范和制约,才能防止警察权力滥用,使警察权力能合法、合理地运行,更好地维护公共安全秩序。     

建设高素质公安队伍要强化和完善三个机制

建设高素质的公安队伍 ,必须要有一个好的工作机制。这个工作机制就是强化和完善公开、平等的竞争机制 ,催人奋进的激励机制和全面严格的制约机制。     

创造教育研究的新收获--王泓《创造教育与人才培养》一书述评

21世纪是创造的伟大时代,要创造,关键在人才,而人才的培养靠教育.因此,如何开展创造教育,培养创新人才,已成为当代教育界研究的热门课题.王泓新著<创造教育与人才培养>正是这方面研究的新收获、新成果.该书对新世纪创造教育的特点,创造人才的智能结构、创造个性、创造能力、创造思维的培养进行了系统分析,同时联系科学和文学艺术创造,论述了具休的创造过程、思路、方式和技巧.该书的价值在于把创造学与教育学、创造教育与人才培养综合起来进行研究,故在教育理论上是新颖的,在教育实践中亦具有启示和指导意义.     

COMMUNITY ACCOUNTABILITY,MINORITY THREAT,AND POLICE BRUTALITY: AN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS*

A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural‐level explanations of police brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to police brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed.     

和谐教育观在部队青年干部思想教育中的应用

在部队青年干部思想道德教育中贯彻“三个代表”的要求,关键在于坚持和谐发展观,只有坚持和谐发展观、协调发展的思想,才能把传统的部队青年干部思想教育理念转变到以人为本的素质教育理念上来,也才能实现部队青年干部思想道德教育在教育内容和教育方法上的创新,使部队青年干部思想道德教育和谐、健康的发展。     

DOES CRIME JUST MOVE AROUND THE CORNER? A CONTROLLED STUDY OF SPATIAL DISPLACEMENT AND DIFFUSION OF CRIME CONTROL BENEFITS*

Recent studies point to the potential theoretical and practical benefits of focusing police resources on crime hot spots. However, many scholars have noted that such approaches risk displacing crime or disorder to other places where programs are not in place. Although much attention has been paid to the idea of displacement, methodological problems associated with measuring it have often been overlooked. We try to fill these gaps in measurement and understanding of displacement and the related phenomenon of diffusion of crime control benefits. Our main focus is on immediate spatial displacement or diffusion of crime to areas near the targeted sites of an intervention. Do focused crime prevention efforts at places simply result in a movement of offenders to areas nearby targeted sites—“do they simply move crime around the corner”? Or, conversely, will a crime prevention effort focusing on specific places lead to improvement in areas nearby—what has come to be termed a diffusion of crime control benefits? Our data are drawn from a controlled study of displacement and diffusion in Jersey City, New Jersey. Two sites with substantial street‐level crime and disorder were targeted and carefully monitored during an experimental period. Two neighboring areas were selected as “catchment areas” from which to assess immediate spatial displacement or diffusion. Intensive police interventions were applied to each target site but not to the catchment areas. More than 6,000 20‐minute social observations were conducted in the target and catchment areas. They were supplemented by interviews and ethnographic field observations. Our findings indicate that, at least for crime markets involving drugs and prostitution, crime does not simply move around the corner. Indeed, this study supports the position that the most likely outcome of such focused crime prevention efforts is a diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas.     

谈公安领导艺术的特征

卓有成效地实施公安领导与管理离不开公安领导艺术,而复杂多样的公安工作性质又决定了公安领导艺术的不同特征.文章重点论述了公安领导者在决策指挥、思想教育、目标管理、实践工作和指导工作等方面的艺术特征.     

论科学主义勃兴对高校德育的挑战——以思想分析和现实审视的双重视角

在我国,随着科学在国人心目中的地位日益提高,已呈现出科学主义勃兴的态势.与此同时,科学主义也对社会意识范畴产生着越来越广泛的影响,因而,德育--它作为社会意识形态建设的重要手段--便无可避免地要与科学主义进行正面交锋并作出回应.由此出发,我们就有必要把德育放在科学主义勃兴的背景下进行研究,并以思想分析和现实审视的两个角度,去揭示科学主义对德育的内部环节、外部环境、对象阈三个方面所构成的挑战.     

支持发展农村教育：历史使命与政策行动

现阶段我国社会发展确立了"工业反哺农业、城市支持农村"的指导方针,这一方针对推进社会主义新农村建设具有重要意义.建设新农村需要更好地发展农村教育,为此需要增强对农村教育的作用与地位的认识,需要城市和社会各界丰富对农村教育发展的理解.深入落实对农村教育的支持性政策,拓宽支持途径,促进农村教育更好地为新农村建设服务.