Developmental trends of delinquent attitudes and behaviors: replications and synthesis across domains, time, and samples

Inconsistent findings of attitude-behavior relations are commonly attributed to uncontrolled domain, time, or situational factors. Without integrative work, studies accounting for these factors may further complicate research by introducing potentially numerous third variables and render a coherent understanding of the attitude-behavior relationship even more difficult to achieve. In this paper, a developmental perspective is taken and the attitude-behavior relationship in delinquency is examined using three modes of investigation: multivariate patterns of attitude-behavior associations, their mutual predictability, and their developmental trajectories. Three grade cohorts of public school boys (n=1517 of the first, seventh, and tenth grades, initially) were followed over a period of 4 years, with an average age span of 7–16 years. Correspondence analyses suggested that adolescent boys with a tolerant attitude toward theft or violence were more deviant than those who had actual behavior of theft or violence. Stronger attitude effect on subsequent behavior, relative to behavior effect on subsequent attitudes, was found among boys aged 10–12 years. While mean scores of tolerant attitudes to serious theft and violence increased linearly with their behavior counterparts between 6 and 17 years of age, ages 11 and 14 were two turning points at which most delinquent attitudes and behaviors escalated at a higher speed. In general, delinquent attitudes and behaviors were related to each other in various patterns, and age was a defining factor that provided much of the explanation for the inconsistencies in research findings.     

主体建构性和主体行为宣成性--一种后现代女权主义理论

后现代女权主义以解构主义为目的,放弃了对女性解放具体目标的追求,尽心去解构父权制及男权思想导致的性别歧视和性别压迫,并在此基础上提出了社会性别规定性、主体建构性、主体行为宣成性等理论观点,希望通过打破一些诸如性别、阶级等重要界线,来消除性别不平等.本文试对后现代女权主义这些理论观点、主要代表人物及不足等进行分析和探讨,以期对后现代女权主义有一个较为深入和准确的把握,推动女权主义理论的发展.     

邓小平法治思想与当代行政领导行为

邓小平法治思想的核心,就是依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家。本文以邓小平法治思想正视当代行政领导失范现象,并从思想文化和制度建设上入手,扼要分析当代行政领导失范的根本原因,以及规范当代行政领导行为的基本思路。     

Mexicans react to electoral fraud and political corruption: an assessment of public opinion and voting behavior

Despite various electoral reforms enacted in Mexico between 1988 and 1994, large numbers of Mexicans doubted the honesty of elections and the general integrity of their country's policy making process. Such doubts did not automatically lead, however, to support for opposition parties that called for greater democratization. Rather, voter preferences were largely dependent on judgments about the opposition's viability and competence. Widespread suspicions about fraud and corruption in Mexico did affect electoral outcomes by making it less likely that potential opposition supporters turned out to vote. Data are drawn from seven national public opinion surveys conducted in Mexico in 1986, 1988, 1991, 1994 (3 polls), and 1995.     

国际金融市场研究方法的逻辑演变——有效市场假说面临的挑战

有效市场假说作为金融经济学的理论基石,无疑是我们研究国际金融市场的重要方法和依据。许多其他得到广泛 应用的金融投资理论皆以此为基础。历经30年的发展,有效市场理论在不断得到支持的同时,也面临了许多新的市场理论的挑 战。混沌理论和分形市场理论,特别是对于市场异象做出新解释的行为金融学,都从不同角度对传统有效市场理论进行了突破。这 不仅为研究国际金融市场提供了新的思路和方法,也对金融市场的决策者和生产者有着巨大的现实意义。     

行政奖励的行政法思考

随着现代政府职能的转变,行政行为表现形式日益多元化,行政机关做出的行政奖励就属于迥异于传统行政行为方式的新型的、有效的行政行为,是世界各国在丰富政府管理手段、提高政府管理水平过程中普遍面临的制度性课题。然而,对于行政奖励的行政法研究,目前在我国仍没有受到应有的关注,导致行政奖励的理论严重滞后于现实要求。     

私分国有资产罪若干问题新解

私分国有资产罪是刑法新增设的罪名,司法实践中对该罪的认定存在认识上的差异。通过重新探讨本罪罪名、性质、犯罪主体、犯罪对象以及客观行为特征等方面的一些具体问题,以求更准确地理解和适用这一罪名。     

寻租约束下的行政效率及其对我国行政改革的启示

本文通过经济学模型分析考察寻租行为对行政效率的负面影响。研究发现,不论是外部寻租行为还是政府部门的内部寻租行为,均会造成行政效率低下、社会产出效率下降、社会效用总量受损;但是,选择一个较大的政府规模虽然会影响全社会产出效率,却不一定引起社会效用损失,因此,我国的行政改革并不需要从压缩行政规模入手,而应当努力遏制寻租,坚持走渐进的行政改革道路。     

Using self-prophecy to combat vote overreporting on public opinion surveys

Survey researchers have long struggled with respondents who, due to the pressure to adhere to socially desirable norms, erroneously claim to have voted in a previous election. In this paper, we develop a new approach to reducing the overreporting of voting in surveys by leveraging psychological theories that show people have a tendency to follow through on an action once they have predicted their behavior (e.g. Sherman, 1980). Using a survey experiment through the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we find that an overwhelming majority of respondents will agree to take an honesty pledge regarding their future vote report. Having pledged their honesty, they then overreport their vote at far lower rates than other survey participants. The observed effects are additive, since previously developed methods of reducing overreporting were present across all conditions. These findings have important implications for studies endeavoring to understand voting behavior and social desirability pressures.     

组织公民行为的道德审视

组织公民行为作为一种积极的角色外行为对组织内部环境有建设性作用的同时也会对组织管理产生一定消极影响,但是把对组织公民行为的失当管理所带来的后果归咎为这种角色外行为的消极影响有失偏颇。管理活动一旦背离组织公民行为内在的道德性,势必会诱发管理困境和成员的消极角色外行为,产生道德摩擦。因之,本文从潜在的道德困境这一角度审视组织公民行为的消极影响,侧重从成员的心理动机和组织反馈进行归因分析,期待通过人力资源管理途径来改善组织公民行为的道德处境。