Responsibility attribution for corruption scandals

ABSTRACT

This paper studies the effect of the type of government on responsibility attribution for corruption scandals. Most studies on corruption voting have assumed that voters punish all kinds of governments. This article challenges this assumption by distinguishing between two types of governments: single-party majority governments and minority/coalition governments. This hypothesis is tested using data from the 2011 Spanish local elections. Our findings reveal that the effect of coalition governments on corruption voting is not statistically different than majority ones. However, when we differentiate between welfare-enhancing and welfare decreasing corruption, we find that welfare-decreasing corruption has a clear negative effect on the electoral performance of the mayor’s party when it impacts single-party majority governments, but not when the mayor needs the support of other parties (minority or coalition governments).     

制度-效能:基层党建引领社区治理的创新实践——以天津市“战区制、主官上、权下放”模式为例

基层党建引领社区治理是实现制度优势向治理效能转化的重要路径。部分基层党组织缺乏组织力、领导力,街道与社区等社区治理主体职责界定不明晰、治理载体单一,导致以党建推动社区治理制度向效能转化存在困境。天津市“战区制、主官上、权下放”模式着力强化基层党组织建设、明确街道与社区作为社区治理“主战区”、强调领导干部这个“关键少数”的主体责任、坚持治理重心下沉,有效推动了党建引领基层治理的体制机制创新。新时代提高社区治理效能必须坚持以党建为引领、以基层为主体、以人民为中心、以问题为导向、以创新为手段、以制度为保障,构建基层社会治理新格局。     

Shaping the Scope of Conflict in Scotland’s Fracking Debate: Conflict Management and the Narrative Policy Framework

This study applies a narrative lens to policy actors’ discursive strategies in the Scottish debate over fracking. Based on a sample of 226 newspaper articles (2011–2017) and drawing on key elements of the narrative policy framework (NPF), the research examines how policy coalitions have characterized their supporters, their opponents, and the main regulator (Scottish government). It also explores how actors have sought to expand or contain the scope of conflict to favor their policy objectives. Empirically, only the government strives for conflict containment, whereas both pro‐ and anti‐fracking groups prioritize conflict expansion through characterization contests and the diffusion and concentration of the costs/risks and benefits of fracking. In theoretical terms, the study proposes that Sarah Pralle’s conflict management model, which emphasizes symmetrical strategies of conflict expansion by both coalitions, is a potential tool to revise extant NPF expectations about the different narrative strategies of winning and losing coalitions. Moreover, the fact that policy actors mostly employ negatively rather than positively framed characters in their narratives may be a valid expectation for similar policy conflicts, particularly under conditions of regulatory uncertainty.     

Corporate Social Responsibility,Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Public Sector

This article examines the mediating role of public service motivation (PSM) on the relationship between employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A sample of employees working in public sector banks in Egypt completed a structured questionnaire comprising of questions regarding CSR perceptions and PSM. Immediate supervisors rated the OCB of employees who responded to the survey. Results reported in the paper found the following: a) Employee perceptions of both internal and external CSR had a positive influence on the development of employee desire to serve the public; b) PSM partially mediated the relationship between internal CSR perceptions and employee OCB; c) PSM fully mediated the relationship between external CSR perceptions and OCB. This study extends current knowledge of the theoretical foundations surrounding CSR at the individual-level of analysis and offers practical implications by stressing the importance of employee desire to serve the public.     

“限期断狱”的中国命运:清代以来审限制度的变革与重述

审限是我国司法体系中一项重要的本土化制度。近年来,理论界对审限制度何去何从展开讨论,其历史演变成为重要依据。回溯历史,尤其是清代至今,审限制度受到了古今中西不同法律理念的冲击,历经规则变化:从清代律例中对审限制度进行详尽规定,到民国时期诉讼法典中废除审限而实践中沿用,再到20世纪80年代后立法重新确立审限制度。究其原因,在于审限制度来源自中国传统司法经验,与近现代中国提高诉讼效率的社会诉求相符合,可以保证案件进程;同时审限又是约束司法人员的重要制度--用行政责任来限制司法人员的司法权力,这也是传统中国"治吏"思想在近现代的延续。因此,审限作为一种与中国实际紧密贴合的司法制度,并非是造成今日学术界所争论的积案原因,反而是提升诉讼效率的良方。当下讨论审限制度发展,更需正视其对本土法律资源的重要意义,认识到背后"治吏"思想影响,结合法官责任制改革,从行政责任到司法责任,重新建构新时期的审限制度。     

Equality,responsibility, and justice*

Abstract

In this introduction, we underline the theoretical connection between responsibility, luck, and equality upon which luck egalitarianism rests, and we consider the social and political relevance of the approach. We then situate Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen’s version of the view as proposed in his book, Luck Egalitarianism, in the egalitarian landscape. Lastly, we introduce the six papers that make up this symposium: some are critiques from within or outside luck egalitarianism, while others engage with the theory by expanding the scope of luck egalitarianism.     

La responsabilidad patrimonial del estado legislador en el derecho español

This article analyzes the figure of the liability of the State legislature that, unlike the responsibility of the Public Administration and the Administration of Justice, under the Spanish Constitution, in the case of the legislature, its development in terms of key features and requirements, has been made by the Supreme Court, taking into account, as necessary, the European Union law. This responsibility of the State legislature may have two origins, depending essentially on the monitoring charge is used to test the law in question, the Spanish Constitution and the European Union law.     

Human Rights and Trade: Beyond the “Spotlight”

Human rights concerns figure prominently on the global economic agenda. Yet little empirical analysis has addressed the prospective impact of human rights for global economic interactions. To gain insight into this linkage, we assess the empirical relationship between human rights and an important facet of the global economy, dyadic trade flows. Traditional arguments posit that respect for human rights and trade are uncomfortable bedfellows at best, and that repression may provide a foundation for increased trade activity. We posit that, alternatively, respect for human rights and trade may be a pragmatic coupling. In addition to the normative value of promoting and protecting human rights, there may be a “business case” as there are ways in which respect for human rights may encourage trade. Using a cross-sectional time-series research design, we test the relationship between human rights and trade for the years 1989–2000. Our results show that human rights conditions have a significant influence on dyadic trade.     

伦理身份与人的责任——重读《小艾友夫》

在《小艾友夫》中,沃尔茂对伦理身份的错误理解导致他违背了最基本的伦理规范。沃尔茂夫妇违背伦理、缺乏责任意识的行为导致了小艾友夫的死亡,小艾友夫的死说明人一旦违背伦理,背弃责任,就会导致严重的后果。艾斯达在人性因子指导下节制了的欲望,避免了伦理混乱和乱伦悲剧的发生。这说明人类只有尊重伦理,懂得用理性去节制欲望,才能避免人生的悲剧。     

论治安承包责任制的现状与完善

治安承包责任制在中国社会推行近十年,在这近十年来的实践与探索之中,这项有中国特色的社会治安秩序维护制度总体来说是值得肯定的,具有强大的生命力,但是仍然存在不足,引发出一系列社会问题。在实践中有许多问题亟待解决,需要不断地加以完善。