浅谈夫妻约定财产制

婚姻作为男女双方以永久共同生活为目的,自愿缔结的两性关系,在法律上必将产生一定的身份关系和以此为基础的财产关系即夫妻财产关系。夫妻财产制度是《婚姻法》中的一项重要内容。2001年4月28日修正后的《婚姻法》完善了夫妻财产制度,尤其是明确规定了夫妻约定财产制。这是我国婚姻立法一次大的进步,但该法经过几年的实施也暴露出一些缺陷和不足,亟待解决。     

论我国外贸代理制的“权责均衡化”

外贸代理作为国际上通用的商事代理行为,在我国经过了二十多年的垄断历程。2004年我国放开外贸经营权后,外贸代理业虽遇挑战,但作为一种贸易趋势仍不失魅力。外贸代理法律制度的完善有助于外贸代理业的规范化管理,能有效协调当事人权责关系,促进我国外贸发展。我国外贸代理制度须借鉴国际外贸代理经验,明确外贸代理人的法律地位及职责,实现我国外贸代理制的真正"和谐利益"。     

Understanding Bystander Behavior: The Influence of and Interaction Between Bystander Characteristics and Situational Factors

Most researchers point to the death of Kitty Genovese in 1964 as the genesis of interest in studying bystander response to crime (Laner, Benin, & Ventrone, 2001; Levine, Cassidy, Brazier, & Reicher, 2002; Moriarty, 1975; Schwartz & Gottlieb, 1980). Since then, researchers have examined the role of situational variables and of victim, perpetrator, and bystander characteristics on whether or not bystander intervention occurs. In the present study, the researchers used a factorial design to determine whether the self-reported likelihood of bystander intervention and type of intervention (passive/active) varied by the location of the offense, time constraints, and bystander characteristics (e.g., height/weight, self-defense training, and life-saving training). Results suggest that gender, race, location of offense, self-defense training, and height and weight play a role in self-reported bystander behavior. An interaction between gender, location of offense, and self-defense training was also evident.     

继承权法律保护的六个疑难问题探析

继承权对于继承人无疑具有特定的利益,也具有法律上之力,因此其权利的性质毋庸置疑。继承权的概念在结构上是完整的、统一的,只存在既得权意义上的继承权,不存在继承期待权。继承权在性质上不是权利能力,也不是财产权或者人身权,而是概括的取得权。继承自被继承人死亡时开始,而不是自继承人取得遗产时开始。继承权可以被侵害,因而具有可侵性。继承权侵害的主要保护方法是继承回复之诉而不是侵权之诉,二者存在着根本性区别。     

我国公诉权滥用问题之反思

我国现行的公诉权监督制约机制以不起诉权的监督制约为重心,对起诉权滥用的监督制约仍有不足。谨防公诉权滥用,不仅应当进一步强化对公诉权的外部监督,完善公诉权的内部监督制约机制,更应进一步提高公诉人素质,提升执法水平。     

约翰·斯图亚特·密尔的正义理论

密尔在《功利主义》第五章中讨论了功利主义与正义之间的关联,通过将功利与正义的观念和与正义相关的情感联系起来,说明了功利主义和正义并不矛盾。功利主义和正义的这种相关性是通过规则建立起来的,密尔强调规则的作用这一事实说明他并不是一个将功利直接与正义联系起来的行为功利主义者,但他也并不因此就是一个规则功利主义者,而实际上是一个间接功利主义者。同时,他还强调了行为功利主义和规则功利主义。     

论追续权制度在我国的构建———以 《著作权法》第三次修改为中心简

追续权是艺术家及其继承人就其艺术品原件的再次销售获取一定比例收益的权利。这一制度源于法国，是艺术创作国家赞助体系衰弱的产物。追续权制度的正当性基础在于鼓励创作，以及作者名声的提高导致艺术品的增值。追续权制度具有鼓励艺术创作、丰富艺术市场的生产性功能，也具有对艺术商所获得的转售艺术品原件的收益进行分流的结构性功能。客体、主体、计算基础及比例、适用的场合构成了追续权制度的内部法律构造；知情权与集体管理制度构成了追续权制度的外部法律构造。比较法上的实证数据表明，追续权制度不会对艺术品拍卖市场造成扭曲。目前世界上80多个国家规定追续权制度。从我国目前的艺术品拍卖市场前景看，我国著作权法实有引进该制度之必要。     

议海上保险代位求偿之诉的程序障碍

虽然近些年来理论界对海上保险代位求偿权的相关问题做出了较多的分析和研究,但在程序问题上仍然存在争议,例如被保险人对第三人的诉讼已进行至二审和执行程序时,保险人赔付后如何行使代位求偿权,目前实践中对此认知还比较混乱。从相关法律法规出发,结合理论和实务进行讨论,以期为理解中国的海上保险代位求偿权程序法律制度提供思路。     

论认罪认罚从宽制度中被追诉人的反悔权

被追诉人的反悔权是否应当设立、如何设立,在认罪认罚从宽制度的实施中备受争议。无论从司法文明、司法契约角度,还是从制度本身,以及实体和程序要求,反悔权的设置均是认罪认罚从宽制度的应有之义。反悔权是专属于被追诉人的权利,在行使时可能导致权利滥用、司法效率降低和资源的浪费,但对认罪认罚从宽制度的推行以及被害人利益的救济其实并无实质性负面影响,而在当前司法环境并未给被追诉人多少“反悔适用空间”的情况下,反悔权应作为一项诉权被一般性认可,而非作为例外适用。因此,对反悔权的限制也不应当过大,而应针对由反悔权产生的具体矛盾,主要在适用前提、适用时间以及适用次数上进行限制。     

Between Breivik and PEGIDA: the absence of ideologues and leaders on the contemporary European far right

In the aftermath of the Norwegian terror attacks of 22 July 2011, the question of agency with regard to the convicted perpetrator, Anders Behring Breivik, has frequently been discussed. Did he really act on his own? Were his actions self-directed? Was he, as a typical ‘lone wolf’, inspired by the prevalent far-right concept of ‘leaderless resistance’ or, simply, a blind tool, a string puppet pushed and pulled by dark forces, as some commentators have claimed? His cut-and-paste manifesto points to inspiration from ideas circulating in the European Counter Jihad Movement (ECJM), in itself a contradictory mix of ideological positions. A number of these ideas were given new life when the so-called ‘populist right-wing movement of indignation’, the Patriotische Europäer Gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes (PEGIDA) took to the streets of Dresden in the autumn of 2014. The driving force behind PEGIDA, Lutz Bachmann, with a past as petty criminal and doorman, is an unlikely front man for one of the most successful political initiatives in post-unification Germany. Comparing Breivik and PEGIDA, Önnerfors argues that the ECJM is part of the ‘third generation’ of right-wing discourse that is without a consistent world view, dominant leaders and prolific ideologues. Instead, in a new atmosphere of ‘politics of passion’ and ‘post-politics’, fuzzy ECJM ideology turns into a screen upon which diffuse uneasiness with current political affairs can be projected and channelled. Outside the scope of Önnerfors's article but worth noting is the considerable impact these developments have had on electoral support for right-wing populist parties such as the Front National in France, the Alternative für Deutschland in Germany and the Sverigedemokraterna in Sweden.