Anomalous authoritarianism: what,which, why?

Research on autocracies has gained new momentum in the last decade. One element of this research is the observation that some autocracies are characterised by structural conditions that are normally conducive for democracy. These ‘anomalous autocracies’ have high levels of socioeconomic development and democratic neighbour countries. The study of these cases might expose factors that are decisive for autocratic stability and studying them might give us a better understanding of barriers towards democratisation. This paper contributes to the growing literature on autocracies by mapping anomalous autocracies during the third wave of democratisation, thereby paving the way for systematic case selection in future studies. A large-N analysis of 159 cases (1975–2008) identifies Belarus, Chile, China, Cuba, Morocco, North Korea, Peru, Singapore, Swaziland, Togo and Zimbabwe. In a second step, the paper lays out a theoretical framework that centres on actors and institutions. Rulers must establish elite–elite and elite–mass interaction, and this papers argues that they can do so through quasi-compliance of elites and the masses based on traditional institutions woven into a dominant party. The paper uses the framework to tentatively examine the resilience of authoritarian rule in Swaziland and Morocco, two most-different anomalous cases. In both cases, an elaborate traditional institution has co-opted government, business and rural elites and coordinated interaction within elite circles and with the masses, in turn enabling the remarkable regime resilience.     

安徽不同产地野生丹参性状与脂溶性成分相关性研究

目的 探索安徽省不同产地野生丹参花、叶、根的颜色与其脂溶性成分含量的相关性。方法 采用野外调查和样本采集方式,对安徽省14个产地野生丹参性状特征进行观察;利用高效液相色谱法测定各地区丹参脂溶性成分含量。结果 安徽不同产地丹参在花冠颜色、复叶颜色及根皮颜色上存在明显的差异,表现为花淡紫、紫红、深紫,叶黄绿、绿色、深绿,根皮棕褐、砖红、赤红。以花深紫、叶深绿、根皮赤红的丹参脂溶性成分含量高,以花淡紫、叶黄绿、根皮棕褐者为低。结论 安徽不同产地野生丹参的性状特征和脂溶性成分存在一定差异,性状特征与脂溶性成分含量高低紧密相关。     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.     

公众参与环境影响评价机制研究

以"圆明园铺膜事件"为契机,在全国范围掀起的"环评风暴",加深了公民对于环境影响评价的认识.对比欧美国家,我国公众参与环境影响评价机制存在明显的缺陷,研究者提出了相应的改进措施和建议.     

3D Finite Element Model of Human Knee Injuries in the Traffic Accident

Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by estab lishing a 3D finite element （FE） model. Methods The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patel la, meniscus, knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues, was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer. Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation, and the stress and strain re sults were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction. Results The re suits derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported, most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision, which was readily observed. Conclusion The simu lation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact.     

高职院校财务分析现状及对策研究

文章分析了当前高职院校财务分析存在的问题,提出了强化高职院校财务分析的对策措施,旨在提高财务分析信息质量,提高为信息使用者服务的能力。     

中国经济发展态势和调整转型——2013年第1季度宏观经济分析

今年1季度中国GDP增长7.7%,工业增加值增长9.5%,CPI上涨2.4%,与希望回升的预期相反,均比上年同期和上季度要低,但增长回落正是经济调整转型之机。M2余额超过百万亿元,不能仅从货币政策操作考察是否存在货币超发,而要深入一步,看看政府投资创造货币的特殊机制。房地产调控中的博弈,一方面说明政策设计存在缺陷;另一方面也与特殊的货币创造机制有关。撤销铁道部,组建铁路总公司,实现了组织机构上的政企分离,但经济上仍合在一起。以债务处理为契机,明晰产权安排和经营责任,进一步推进铁路改革。     

Age-Period-Cohort analysis: A design-based approach

This paper develops a design-based approach to identifying cohort effects in APC analyses. Cohort effects arise when one cohort is treated by a unique set of formative socialization experiences, which causes it to differ from other cohorts in relevant outcomes. APC analyses typically compare treated and untreated cohorts from a single population. Our approach introduces a second group—a control group, in which no unit is treated but that is otherwise similar to the first—and adapts difference-in-differences estimation to the APC framework. The approach yields two identification strategies, each based on transparent and testable assumptions. We illustrate how the method works and what is to be gained through three examples.     

关于行政传唤适用情况的调查分析——以河南省公安行政执法为例

通过对行政传唤适用情况的调研，发现行政传唤在适用中存在一些问题，主要是对行政传唤的适用期限理解错误、行政传唤适用对象混乱、强制传唤的适用随意性较大以及行政传唤缺乏救济途径，这既有立法的原因，也有执法理念的原因。为了防止出现上述问题，需要从立法上明确行政传唤的强制措施的属性，明确行政传唤的适用对象，明确传唤的启动条件和实施条件。